I think it the answer could be a "steamy mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor".  
        
             
        
        
        
We examined the biogeographic patterns implied by early hominid phylogenies and compared them to the known dispersal patterns of Plio-Pleistocene African mammals. All recent published phylogenies require between four and seven hominid dispersal events between southern Africa, eastern Africa, and the Malawi Rift, a greater number of dispersals than has previously been supposed. Most hominid species dispersed at the same time and in the same direction as other African mammals. However, depending on the ages of critical hominid specimens, many phylogenies identify at least one hominid species that dispersed in the direction opposite that of contemporaneous mammals. This suggests that those hominids may have possessed adaptations that allowed them to depart from continental patterns of mammalian dispersal.
plz mark me as brainliest if this helped :)
 
        
             
        
        
        
I believe that ones sense of civic duty and apathy are attitudes that are usually acquired from ones parents. A sense of civic duty is influenced by deeply rooted personality traits. Parents play a vital role in determining the sense of civic duty and apathy, because they are responsible for the upbringing of a individual and teach the kids on how to relate with other people.  
        
             
        
        
        
The correct answer is: The synaptonemal complex.
Non-sister chromatids are chromatids from two homologous chromosomes. In prophase I of meiosis two homologous chromosomes pair and this pairing is called synapsis. This allows possible crossing over to occur. Two non-sister chromatids are connected in synapsis by a protein-RNA complex called the synaptonemal complex.
Crossing-over or the physical exchange of chromosome parts might occur and bring to genetic recombination. The sites of crossing-over between nonsister chromatids and are called chiasmata.