Biotic factors include plants, animals, fungi, algae, and bacteria so the only answer would be invasive species
Answer:
D. guard cells.. this is answer i think..
Answer:
X is negative heterotropic modulator
Explanation:
In allosteric regulations, modulators are molecules that causes a change in the conformation of an enzyme, hence, resulting a change in enzyme activity. It can lead to a decrease or an increase of the enzyme. When a molecule decreases the enzyme activity it called a negative modulator, when it increases or activates the enzyme activity, it is called a positive modulator.
A positive or negative modulator can either be homotrophic (substrate acts as modulator) or heterotropic (another ligand acts as modulator).
In the example above, X is negative heterotropic modulator, because the modulator is different from the substrate and it also decreases the enzyme activity.
Vertebrata
Vertebrata is a group that contains various organisms which possess vertebrae (backbones). Animals that belong to the group are called vertebrates, and they include mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The backbones in the animals extends from the head to the tail, and it encloses and protects the main nerve cord. The body of vertebrates is divided into trunk, and tail regions. They also possess a unique tube shaped brain, a distinct head, and three pairs of sense organs.
