Answer:
2H⁺ (aq) + 2OH⁻ (aq) → 2H₂O (l)
General Formulas and Concepts:
- Solubility Rules
- Strong Acids/Bases
Explanation:
<u>Step 1: RxN</u>
HNO₃ (aq) + Ca(OH)₂ (aq) → Ca(NO₃)₂ (aq) + H₂O (l)
<u>Step 2: Balance RxN</u>
2HNO₃ (aq) + Ca(OH)₂ (aq) → Ca(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)
<u>Step 3: Ionic Equations</u>
Total Ionic Equation:
2H⁺ (aq) + 2NO₃⁻ (aq) + Ca²⁺ (aq) + 2OH⁻ (aq) → Ca²⁺ (aq) + 2NO₃⁻ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)
<em>Cancel out spectator ions.</em>
Net Ionic Equation:
2H⁺ (aq) + 2OH⁻ (aq) → 2H₂O (l)
Answer:
- <u>Higher acidity (lower pH) making it a better cleaning solution because it will be able to kill more microorganisms</u>
Explanation:
The higher the percentage of the vinegar solution, the higher the molar concentration of hydrodium ions, [H₃O⁺].
pH is a measure of the concentration of H₃O⁺ ions:
![pH=\log\dfrac{1}{[H_3O^+]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%3D%5Clog%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5D%7D)
The lower the pH the more acidic the solution.
Thus, the higher the percentage of vinegar, the higher [H₃O⁺], the lower the pH, and the more acidic the solution.
The feature that makes vinegar a good cleaning agent is its acidity: high acidity environments are inhospitable for many microorganisms.
Thus, the advantage of a vinegar with 6 - 15% acetic acid is its higher acidity (lower pH), which makes it more suitable to kill more microorganisms.
PV = nRT
P is pressure, V is volume in L, n is number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in K
(1.23 atm)(10.3 L) = (n)(.08206)(29.8 + 273)
n = .5 moles x 38 grams per mol F2 = 19.4 grams F2
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Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
A covalent bond is defined as the bond which occurs due to sharing of electrons between the combining atoms.
Generally, a covalent bond is formed between non-metals.
For example, both nitrogen and oxygen atoms are non-metals and they combine covalently to form
compound.
As nitrogen has 5 valence electrons and an oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons. So, there occurs unequal sharing of electrons between the two.
Thus, we can conclude that when a covalent bond forms then electrons in valence shells are shared between atoms.