Explanation:
Given that,
Electrostatic force, 
Distance, 
(a)
, q is the charge on the ion


(b) Let n is the number of electrons are missing from each ion. It can be calculated as :


n = 2
Hence, this is the required solution.
The gravitational force is s type of force that has the ability to attract any two objects having mass. The gravitational force will be
.
<h3>What is the
gravitational force?</h3>
The gravitational force is s type of force that has the ability to attract any two objects with mass. Gravitational force tries to pull two masses towards each other.

Given,
mass of the sun (
)=
kg
mass of Jupiter(
)=
kg
distance between the sun and Jupiter (r)=
m

Newton
Hence the gravitational force between the sun and Jupiter will be 
To learn more about gravitational force refer to the link:
brainly.com/question/24783651
Observation: You saw/ observed something and you are stating that.
Inference: You are predicting something to be true. If so and so, then this will occur.
B. Some of the ball’s energy is transformed to thermal energy.
Hope this helps you!