1)
Addition polymerization
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Decomposition reactions are a type of chemical reaction that involves breaking down a compound into smaller compounds or individual elements. These reactions often involve an input of energy in the form of heat, light, or electricity to break down the compounds.
Answer :
(a) The average rate will be:
![\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}=9.36\times 10^{-5}M/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr_2%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D9.36%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-5%7DM%2Fs)
(b) The average rate will be:
![\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}=1.87\times 10^{-4}M/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BH%5E%2B%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D1.87%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7DM%2Fs)
Explanation :
The general rate of reaction is,

Rate of reaction : It is defined as the change in the concentration of any one of the reactants or products per unit time.
The expression for rate of reaction will be :
![\text{Rate of disappearance of A}=-\frac{1}{a}\frac{d[A]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BRate%20of%20disappearance%20of%20A%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BA%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
![\text{Rate of disappearance of B}=-\frac{1}{b}\frac{d[B]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BRate%20of%20disappearance%20of%20B%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bb%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BB%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
![\text{Rate of formation of C}=+\frac{1}{c}\frac{d[C]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BRate%20of%20formation%20of%20C%7D%3D%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bc%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BC%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
![\text{Rate of formation of D}=+\frac{1}{d}\frac{d[D]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BRate%20of%20formation%20of%20D%7D%3D%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bd%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BD%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
![Rate=-\frac{1}{a}\frac{d[A]}{dt}=-\frac{1}{b}\frac{d[B]}{dt}=+\frac{1}{c}\frac{d[C]}{dt}=+\frac{1}{d}\frac{d[D]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Rate%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BA%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bb%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BB%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bc%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BC%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bd%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BD%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
From this we conclude that,
In the rate of reaction, A and B are the reactants and C and D are the products.
a, b, c and d are the stoichiometric coefficient of A, B, C and D respectively.
The negative sign along with the reactant terms is used simply to show that the concentration of the reactant is decreasing and positive sign along with the product terms is used simply to show that the concentration of the product is increasing.
The given rate of reaction is,

The expression for rate of reaction :
![\text{Rate of disappearance of }Br^-=-\frac{1}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BRate%20of%20disappearance%20of%20%7DBr%5E-%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B5%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr%5E-%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
![\text{Rate of disappearance of }BrO_3^-=-\frac{d[BrO_3^-]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BRate%20of%20disappearance%20of%20%7DBrO_3%5E-%3D-%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBrO_3%5E-%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
![\text{Rate of disappearance of }H^+=-\frac{1}{6}\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BRate%20of%20disappearance%20of%20%7DH%5E%2B%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B6%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BH%5E%2B%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
![\text{Rate of formation of }Br_2=+\frac{1}{3}\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BRate%20of%20formation%20of%20%7DBr_2%3D%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr_2%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
![\text{Rate of formation of }H_2O=+\frac{1}{3}\frac{d[H_2O]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BRate%20of%20formation%20of%20%7DH_2O%3D%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BH_2O%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
Thus, the rate of reaction will be:
![\text{Rate of reaction}=-\frac{1}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}=-\frac{d[BrO_3^-]}{dt}=-\frac{1}{6}\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}=+\frac{1}{3}\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}=+\frac{1}{3}\frac{d[H_2O]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BRate%20of%20reaction%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B5%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr%5E-%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBrO_3%5E-%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B6%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BH%5E%2B%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr_2%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BH_2O%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
<u>Part (a) :</u>
<u>Given:</u>
![\frac{1}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}=1.56\times 10^{-4}M/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B5%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr%5E-%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D1.56%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7DM%2Fs)
As,
![-\frac{1}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}=+\frac{1}{3}\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B5%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr%5E-%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr_2%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
and,
![\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}=\frac{3}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr_2%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B5%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr%5E-%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
![\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}=\frac{3}{5}\times 1.56\times 10^{-4}M/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr_2%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B5%7D%5Ctimes%201.56%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7DM%2Fs)
![\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}=9.36\times 10^{-5}M/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr_2%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D9.36%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-5%7DM%2Fs)
<u>Part (b) :</u>
<u>Given:</u>
![\frac{1}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}=1.56\times 10^{-4}M/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B5%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr%5E-%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D1.56%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7DM%2Fs)
As,
![-\frac{1}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}=-\frac{1}{6}\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B5%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr%5E-%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B6%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BH%5E%2B%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
and,
![-\frac{1}{6}\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}=\frac{3}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B6%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BH%5E%2B%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B5%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BBr%5E-%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
![\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}=\frac{6}{5}\times 1.56\times 10^{-4}M/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BH%5E%2B%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B6%7D%7B5%7D%5Ctimes%201.56%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7DM%2Fs)
![\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}=1.87\times 10^{-4}M/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BH%5E%2B%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D1.87%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7DM%2Fs)
Saturated solution is a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in the solvent. When saturated solution cools, the solution began precipitate from the solution, because under lower temperature, usually, less amount solute can be dissolved in the solvent.