Charge dQ on a shell thickness dr is given by
dQ = (charge density) × (surface area) × dr
dQ = ρ(r)4πr²dr
∫ dQ = ∫ (a/r)4πr²dr
∫ dQ = 4πa ∫ rdr
Q(r) = 2πar² - 2πa0²
Q = 2πar² (= total charge bound by a spherical surface of radius r)
Gauss's Law states:
(Flux out of surface) = (charge bound by surface)/ε۪
(Surface area of sphere) × E = Q/ε۪
4πr²E = 2πar²/ε۪
<span>E = a/2ε۪
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Answer:
The Kelvin temperature scale is used by scientists because they wanted a temperature scale where zero reflects the complete absence of thermal energy. ... Many quantum mechanical properties are washed out by the thermal agitation that occurs in materials.
