Could u please give me a brainliest
Answer:
The flow of energy in ecosystems is unidirectional or one-way.
Explanation:
Energy is the ability to do work. Energy flows in one direction in an ecosystem and is not recycled. This is because during the transfer of energy from one level to another, energy is lost. Most of the energy received from the sun by producers, plants, is lost as heat to the surroundings. The rest energy is converted by plants to produce food in the form of chemical energy.
Primary consumers feed on plants and secondary consumers feed on the primary consumers and so on up to quaternary consumers. However, at each level of energy transfer, some energy is lost as heat during respiration, some as unused or undigested materials, while some others are used for each organisms metabolic activities. About 90% of energy in a trophic is used at that trophic level. Therefore, only about 10% as much energy is available to organisms at each successive trophic level. Therefore, energy is not recycled in ecosystems.
Earth's atmosphere maintains its temperature by means of the earth's energy balance. This refers to how incoming from the sun and outgoing energy from the earth are in balance, thereby keeping earth's temperature constant.
Decomposers, are organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and small animals such as ants and worms that eat and decompose dead and waste organic matter and which recycle nutrients back into food chains making them available for plants use. Therefore, decomposers are an essential components of all ecosystems.
Answer:
The options
a. New combinations of genes yielding genotypes of greater fitness
b. Few heterozygotes because of underdominance
c. Frequency-dependent selection, leading to fluctuations in fitness
d. Heterozygotes with greater fitness, owing to overdominance
e. A random assortment of genotypes because of genetic drift
The CORRECT ANSWER IS b.
b. Few heterozygotes because of under dominance
Explanation:
In genetics, underdominance (at times called "negative overdominance") is the opposite of overdominance.
It is the selection against the heterozygote, that leads to disruptive selection and divergent genotypes. It occurs in cases of inferior and reduced fitness (As in our case study, it is the different chromosomal fusions and inversions)
of the heterozygotic genotype to the dominant or recessive homozygotic genotype. It is unstable as it causes fixation of either allele.
Another example is the African butterfly species Pseudacraea eurytus, which makes use of Batesian mimicry to avoid predation. This species carries two alleles that gives a coloration that is alike to a different local butterfly species that is harmful to its predator. The butterflies who are heterozygous for this trait are observed to be intermediate in coloration and thus encounter an higher risk of predation and a decrease in the total fitness.
I believe its A. I may be wrong.