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IceJOKER [234]
3 years ago
15

What refers to the protocolâ s ability to ensure that data hasnâ t been modified in any way?

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
Tamiku [17]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Option (b) Integrity

Explanation:

  • Data Integrity refers to the data which is not modified over the process, system.
  • Data Integrity here refers to which is not corrupted over the system in any way.
  • Throughout the life cycle of the process, system the data is intact and can be trusted for the future use.So, option (b) Integrity is the correct option.
  • Option (a) Confidentiality means the data that is kept secret, private but that doesn't mean it is not modified. So, option (a) confidentiality is wrong option.
  • Option (c) Authentication means the user is authenticated to use the data. It means the user has access to the data or not.So, option (c) is wrong option.
  • Option (d) Auditing means to examine, inspect a thing to find it fit for a purpose. Here, data auditing means verifying, inspecting,assessing the quality of data for a process.So, option (d) is wrong option.
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Answer:

I. i = 1

while i <= 12:

monthlyInterestRate = annualInterestRate/12.0

minimumMonthlyPayment = balance * monthlyPaymentRate

unpaidBalance = balance - minimumMonthlyPayment

updatedBalance = unpaidBalance + monthlyInterestRate * unpaidBalance

balance = updatedBalance

i += 1

print("The Remaining Balance is:" + " " + str(round(balance,2)))

II. monthlyInterestRate = annualInterestRate/12.0

fixedPayment = 10

def calculate(balance,monthlyInterestRate):

i = 1

while i <= 12:

unpaidBalance = balance - fixedPayment

balance = unpaidBalance + unpaidBalance * monthlyInterestRate

i += 1

return balance

while calculate(balance,monthlyInterestRate) > 0:

fixedPayment += 10

calculate(balance,monthlyInterestRate)

print("Lowest Payment is:" + " " + str(fixedPayment))

III.

initBalance = balance

monthlyInterestRate = annualInterestRate/12.0

low = balance/12.0

high = (balance * ((1.0 + monthlyInterestRate)**12))/12.0

epsilon = 0.01

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month = 0

def calculate(month, balance, minPay, monthlyInterestRate):

while month <12:

unpaidBalance = balance - minPay

balance = unpaidBalance + (monthlyInterestRate * unpaidBalance)

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while abs(balance) >= epsilon:

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month = 0

balance = calculate(month, balance, minPay, monthlyInterestRate)

if balance > 0:

low = minPay

else:

high = minPay

minPay = (high + low)/2.0

minPay = round(minPay,2)

print('Lowest Payment: ' + str(minPay))

Explanation:

I.Write a program to calculate the credit card balance after one year if a person only pays the minimum monthly payment required by the credit card company each month.

The following variables contain values as described below:

balance - the outstanding balance on the credit card

annualInterestRate - annual interest rate as a decimal

monthlyPaymentRate - minimum monthly payment rate as a decimal

For each month, calculate statements on the monthly payment and remaining balance. At the end of 12 months, print out the remaining balance. Be sure to print out no more than two decimal digits of accuracy

II.

Now write a program that calculates the minimum fixed monthly payment needed in order pay off a credit card balance within 12 months. By a fixed monthly payment, we mean a single number which does not change each month, but instead is a constant amount that will be paid each month.

In this problem, we will not be dealing with a minimum monthly payment rate.

The following variables contain values as described below:

balance - the outstanding balance on the credit card

annualInterestRate - annual interest rate as a decimal

III. In short:

Monthly interest rate = (Annual interest rate) / 12.0

Monthly payment lower bound = Balance / 12

Monthly payment upper bound = (Balance x (1 + Monthly interest rate)12) / 12.0

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