Answer:
by using spells or magic formulars
<em>Answer:</em>
<em>discriminative stimulus </em>
<em>Explanation:</em>
<em>In psychology,</em><em> the discriminative stimulus is determined as one of the precursor stimuli that is supposed to have a stimulus control over a specific behavior due to the fact that the behavior was formerly reinforced in the presence of that particular stimulus in the past. In other words, it tends to set the event for specific behaviors that have already been reinforced in its presence in the "past".</em>
<em>As per the question, the mentioned statement represents the discriminative stimulus.</em>
Answer:
Kaliningrad Oblast
Explanation:
Due to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Kaliningrad Oblast became an exclave, geographically separated from the rest of Russia.
