Answer:
If a negatively charged ion is more concentrated outside the cell, the forces required to balance the chemical gradient would be directed <u>outwards</u>. Thus, the equilibrium potential for this ion would be <u>negatively</u> charged.
Explanation:
The resting membrane potential is normally due to small excess of negative ions inside of positive ions outside the cells.
The negative charges are attracted to the positive charges and they form a thin layer of negative inside and positive outside of the cell. The rest of extracellular and intracellular fluid remains normal.
If negatively charged ion is more concentrated outside the cell, then the forces will move outwards, in order to balance the gradient. Thus resulting in negative equilibrium potential (The potential at which no movement of the ion occur across the membrane)
Urbanization can cause the air to become dirty, thick, and even harmful to breathe in
