Answer:
For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for decreasing the binding strength between subunits on filaments.
Explanation:
Cytoskeletal filaments are common to eucaryotic cells and are impotartant to the spatial organization of cells. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and resistance to shear stress. Microtubules determine the positions of membrane-enclosed organelles and direct intracellular transport. Actin filaments determine the shape of the cell's surface and are necessary for whole-cell locomotion. A large number of accessory proteins are present that link the filaments to other cell components, as well as to each other. Accessory proteins are essential for the assembly of the cytoskeletal filaments in particular locations, and it includes the motor proteins that either move organelles along the filaments or move the filaments themselves.
Actin filaments and microtubules are assembled with expenditure of energy i.e the ATP/GTP tightly bound to actin/tubulin is irreversibly hydrolyzed to ADP/GTP during the assembly process, and liberation of Pi in the medium occurs subsequent to the incorporation of subunits in the polymer. Pi release acts as a switch, causing the destabilization of protein-protein interactions in the polymer, therefore regulating the dynamics of these fibres. The progress is made in four areas: the chemistry of the NTPase reaction; the structure of the intermediates in nucleotide hydrolysis and the nature of the conformational switch; the regulation of parameters involved in dynamic instability of microtubules; and the possible involvement of nucleotide hydrolysis in the macroscopic organization of these polymers in highly concentrated solutions, compared with the simple case of a equilibrium polymers.
The younger rock would be black and have like no stains and it would not be as dirty as the older rock hope this helps!!1
Answer: Transcription factors
Explanation:
The dioxin enters the blood stream and the fat cells and liver cells store it.
While moving inside the cell the dioxin binds to the protein called Aryl hydrocarbon which then binds to the second receptor.
The complex is then carried to the nucleus of the cell. This tends to on and off certain genes.
This turning on and off of the genes in the cell can lead to serious diseases like cancer, decreased immune function, et cetera.
Farming is an agriculture practice, in which crops are harvested, cultivated, and yielded over a period of time. It can be of several types such as contour, terraces, nomadic, and sedentary farming.
<h3>What is Contour Farming?</h3>
Contour farming refers to the cultivation and growing of crops in sequential rows. The rows are level around the hill. Contour farming is found in hills and mountainous farmlands. The farming practice is common in European countries.
<h3>What is Terrace farming?</h3>
Terraces are the farming practice, in which the farmlands are formed by turning hills to form a ridged platform. Terraces are also found in the hilly regions are common in the countries China, Japan, and Southeast Asia.
Thus, contour and terraces farming is the type of agricultural practice done in the hilly and mountainous regions.
Learn more about<u> </u><u>farming methods</u> here:
brainly.com/question/11687636
<span>1) sum of all ecosystems in the world : Biosphere
</span>Biosphere is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems. It can also be termed the zone of life on Earth. T<span>he </span>biosphere<span> overlaps the lithophere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere.</span><span>
2) All populations within an ecosystem : Community
</span>A community is all of the populations of various<span> species that </span>sleep in a similar space<span> and </span>act<span> with </span>each other<span>. A community </span>consists<span> of all of the </span>organic phenomenon<span> factors of </span>a part.<span>
3) Interbreeding members of a species in an ecosystem :</span><span> Demes
</span>A deme could be a<span> term for </span>an area<span> population of polytypic species that actively </span>crossbreed<span> with </span>each other<span> and share </span>a definite cistron<span> pool.</span><span>
4) A defined area consisting of biotic and abiotic components : </span><span>An </span>ecosystem
An scheme could be a<span> community </span>created from<span> living organisms and </span>non-conscious parts like<span> air, water, and mineral soil.</span>
