For every one NADH molecule oxidized at complex I, 10 HYDROGEN IONS are pumped across all of the complexes from the mitochondrial matrix to the inner membrane space
Cellular respiration has three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
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What is Oxidative phosphorylation ?</h3>
During oxidative phosphorylation, the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) helps to carry electrons from one reaction to another across a series of molecular complexes.
- The electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation is coupled to the generation of an electrochemical proton (H+) gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
- Subsequently, this proton H+ gradient is then used to produce ATP by an ATP synthetase.
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Photosynthesis<span> makes the glucose that is used in </span>cellular respiration<span> to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back </span>into <span>carbon dioxide, which is used in </span>photosynthesis<span>. While water is broken down to form oxygen </span>during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration<span> oxygen is combined </span>with<span> hydrogen to form water.
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Answer:
E. Anaphase
Explanation:
Metaphase is the phase of cell division during which all the chromosomes are lined along the cell's equator with help of spindle apparatus.
Metaphase is followed by anaphase during which the splitting of centromere separates sister chromatids from each other. The sister chromatids are now called daughter chromosomes. The daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles during anaphase.
In a child with sore throat, otherwise known as pharyngitis, the most common etiologic agent that causes pharyngitis is adenoviruses. Although, with a high grade fever and a red, inflamed throat, a bacterial etiology can be considered and the most common bacterial agent in pharyngitis is <em>Streptococcus pyogenes. </em>There are suppurative and non-suppurative complications following an untreated streptococcal infection. Suppurative complications (which involves pus) includes tonsillar abscess or collection of pus within the tonsils, otitis media or the infection of the middle compartment of the ear canal, sinusitis, etc. The non-suppurative complications are more serious than suppurative complications. There are two non-suppurative complications, (1) acute rheumatic fever which can progress to rheumatic heart disease which affects the valves of the heart and can ultimately lead to heart failure, and (2) acute glomerulonephritis which involves streptococcal antibodies attacking the glomerular basement membrane in the kidneys and this will present as oliguria (decreased urine production), hypertension (from fluid overload), and hematuria (blood in the urine).
