Answer:
Somatic mutations : option (A) and option (D).
Inherited mutations : option (B) and option (C).
Explanation:
Mutations are permanent changes in the genetic material due to alterations in DNA sequence. Mutations may be somatic or inherited (or germline).
Somatic mutations are those mutations that arise in somatic or normal body cells and cannot transfer from parents to their offspring. As skins cells and lung cells are somatic cells, option (A) and (D) represent somatic mutations.
Inherited mutations are those mutations that arise in sex cells (gamete forming cell) and transfer from parents to their offspring due to transfer as these cells form mutated gametes. As egg cells and sperms cells are sex cells, option (B) and (C) represent inherited mutations.
True
A genotype is the combination of genes in its DNA of the organism that determines its traits
Explanation:
Gametes from parents contribute different alleles of genes to their offspring. This why gametes carry only one copy of genetic material of the organism. They later fuse to form a zygote with a full genetic copy and capable of developing into an full organism.
Depending on which kind of alleles the parents pass down to the offspring will determine the offspring's genotype. The genotype of the offspring will, on the other hand, affect its phenotype which is the outward characteristic. An example is the sickle cell trait. If both gametes from the parents contribute the recessive alleles of the gene, then the offspring will be homozygous recessive for sickle cell genotype and this will show in the phenotype pf the person who will have sickle cell shaped blood cells.
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