1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Zielflug [23.3K]
2 years ago
5

Describe the steps of Transcription, and describe the steps of Translation

Biology
1 answer:
goldfiish [28.3K]2 years ago
8 0

Answer:

The various steps in the transcription and translation process of protein synthesis are described below.

Explanation:

Proteins (made up of amino acids) have an important role in the various functioning process of an organism. Protein synthesis which takes place in the cells of an organism consists of two major processes: transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein).

Transcription: It is the first process in protein synthesis which occurs in the cell nucleus where a single-stranded messenger RNA (mRNA) is created using a DNA strand and the genetic instructions in DNA are transferred to this mRNA. The steps in transcription are initiation, elongation, and termination. The beginning process known as initiation occurs when an enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a promoter (region of a gene) and the DNA unwinds. One of the DNA strands acts as a template and the enzyme reads the bases in the template DNA strand.

The next step is elongation, where the RNA polymerase builds a strand of mRNA by the addition of nucleotides using complementary base pairs. Here, adenine (A) in the DNA binds to uracil (U) in the RNA. Termination is the last step in which the transcription process ends when the RNA polymerase comes across a termination sequence in the gene. Thus, the completed single-stranded mRNA detaches from DNA.  

Translation: It is the second process in protein synthesis which occurs in the ribosome of the cell where the genetic information in mRNA is used to create a protein from amino acids. A triplet of nucleotides is called a codon and they define amino acids. There are 64 possible codons and the codon, AUG acts as the start codon which initiates translation in addition to specifying the amino acid methionine. In the initiation step, the first amino acid in the polypeptide chain is brought by transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to bind to the start codon of mRNA. During elongation, each type of tRNAs in the cytoplasm bound to a specific codon on the mRNA template and adds the corresponding amino acid to the polypeptide chain. Stop codons (UAA, UAG, or UGA) terminate protein synthesis and release the polypeptide.

You might be interested in
Which of the following does not describe hormones in the body? I’ll mark the correct answer a brainliest
myrzilka [38]

I think its C. hormones act on muscles and glands only. Because hormones act on cells, tissues, organs etc. So this is incorrect and the rest of them are correct.

5 0
2 years ago
Where does photosynthesis happen in the plant, and what is chlorophyll?
Lena [83]

Answer:

Photosynthesis takes place inside plant cells in chloroplasts.

Chlorophyll is a green pigment,present in all green plants which is responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis.

8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A drought decreases the water level in Lake Winnipeg. The carrying capacity of the lake decreases.
Tema [17]

Answer:

Water, fish

Explanation:

The limiting factors are the water of course and the organisms living in the lake.

7 0
2 years ago
Why do leukocytes have a nucleus
ella [17]

Answer:

so they can squeeze through blood vessels more quickly.

Explanation:

Some white blood cells have nuclei that are lobed, or separated into pieces, Other white blood cells act as factories making anti-germ weapons and need big nuclei to store the DNA to make those weapons.

7 0
2 years ago
Could a particular form of life survive on the Martian surface
coldgirl [10]
Gizmono
NASA reignited our hopes of finding alien life when it announced the first direct evidence of liquid water on Mars. But before we start indulging in fantasies of space crabs and reptilian beings, we ought to remember that Mars is a frigid world with a thin atmosphere. And that raises an obvious question: What sorts of life forms could actually live there?

Any life on Mars today is almost certainly microbial, but beyond that, we can’t be sure of anything until we actually dig it up and study it. Still, we can make some educated guesses about the nature of Martian life, by taking a deep dive into some of the weirdest biology on planet
8 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • What is ecological succession?
    14·1 answer
  • are gender traits completely a result of societal expectations? pls hurry tell me the answer fast its due soon
    7·1 answer
  • Which evidence did Charles Darwin rely upon the most
    5·1 answer
  • A hypothetical island lies far from any other landmasses. There are many different types of plants, but only one animal, a beetl
    9·1 answer
  • Rudolf is dealing with impending layoffs at work. yesterday, at a pharmacy, he measured his blood pressure and it was high. he a
    10·1 answer
  • A meter is an SI unit. Which quantity might you measure in meters?
    6·1 answer
  • Need help with this smart people only pls
    14·2 answers
  • (iv) Measles. Mumps, Diphtheria Polio odd one​
    8·2 answers
  • Describe the different stages of the menstrual cycle.
    13·2 answers
  • explain how blood flow in the skin helps to maintain a constant body temperature in very hot conditions.
    7·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!