How are simple carbohydrates able to form larger macromolecules

Biology

1 answer:

madreJ [45]3 years ago

5 0

Answer:

Carbohydrates can be described as biological molecules which are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Simple carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. Example of monosaccharide includes glucose and fructose. Two molecules of monosaccharides can join to form disaccharides. Example of disaccharide includes maltose. When three or more monosaccharides join they form polymers known as polysaccharides. In this way, simple carbohydrates form larger molecules or polysaccharides. Examples of polysaccharides include starch, glycogen, cellulose etc.

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What ways do enzymatic catalysts increase the rates of reactions? they shift the reaction equilibrium toward the products they d

Elodia [21]

This is a question regarding how enzymes increase the rates of reactions. There are choices and the instructions is to check all that apply.

1. They shift the reaction equilibrium towards the products. 
2. They increase the concentration of the reactants. 
3. They lower the activation energy of the reaction. 
4. They decrease the free energy of a reaction. 
5. They promote the formation of a transition state.

The correct answers in this question are "they lower the activation energy of the reaction" and "they promote the formation of a transition state". Enzymes do not necessarily shift the the reaction equilibrium to the products, as there are reversible enzymatic reactions that can reverse the pathway back to the substrates. They do not increase the concentration of the reactants as the concentration of the reactants is an independent variable in this process. They do not decrease the free energy of activation as this is a constant in every reaction depending on the substrates and the products.

Enzymes do, however, lower the activation energy of the reaction meaning it will take less energy and effort for the substrates to reach the activation energy to transform it to its transition state then to the products. With this said, enzymes promote the formation of a transition state.

Attached is a simplified image on how enzymes work.