Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
In simple words, avoidable costs refers to those expenditures which can be avoided by the management of the business if they want to as such expenditures are usually made for additional support.
Irrelevant costs include factors which will not be impacted by a management action, whether positively or negatively. Consequently, unnecessary factors, such as static overhead as well as sunken factors, are overlooked in making the choice. Nonetheless, in addition to ultimately save the company it is important for a management to be able to discern an insignificant expense.
Answer:
In employment law, a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) (US) or bona fide occupational requirement (BFOR) (Canada) or genuine occupational qualification (GOQ) (UK) is a quality or an attribute that employers are allowed to consider when making decisions on the hiring and retention of employees—a quality that when considered in other contexts would constitute discrimination and thus be in violation of civil rights employment law. Such qualifications must be listed in the employment offering.[citation needed]
Explanation:
Canada
The law of Canada regarding bona fide occupational requirements was considered in a 1985 Canadian court case involving an employee of the Canadian National Railway, K. S. Bhinder, a Sikh whose religion required that he wear a turban, lost his challenge of the CNR policy that required him to wear a hard hat.[1] In 1990, in deciding another case, the Supreme Court of Canada amended the Bhinder decision: "An employer that has not adopted a policy with respect to accommodation and cannot otherwise satisfy the trier of fact that individual accommodation would result in undue hardship will be required to justify his conduct with respect to the individual complainant. Even then the employer can invoke the BFOQ defence."[2]
United States
In employment discrimination law in the United States, both Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act contain a BFOQ defense. The BFOQ provision of Title VII provides that:
[I]t shall not be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to hire and employ employees, for an employment agency to classify, or refer for employment any individual, for a labor organization to classify its membership or to classify or refer for employment any individual, or for an employer, labor organization, or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining programs to admit or employ any individual in any such program, on the basis of his religion, sex, or national origin in those certain instances where religion, sex, or national origin is a bona fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business or enterprise ...[3]
i'm not able to add the balance of the answer so pls go to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bona_fide_occupational_qualification
Answer:
• may be required to incur high costs for abandoning old technologies in an effort to keep pace with suppliers.
• may need to continue producing suboptimal products rather than upgrading its technology
Explanation:
You didn't provide the options but I searched online and got the options from which the correct answers were chosen.
Vertical integration occurs when the suppliers or retailers is being controlled or owned by a company and hence, control its supply chain. This brings about reduction in costs and the improvement in efficiencies.
When there are improvements in technology at the supply stage of the value chain, the company will need to:
• may be required to incur high costs for abandoning old technologies in an effort to keep pace with suppliers.
• may need to continue producing suboptimal products rather than upgrading its technology
The best answer to the question that is being presented above would be collateral. When you finance a car, the car then becomes the collateral or the pledge of the property for the loan. This is so that the payment system is attained securely and to avoid escaping from due payment.
Answer: The answer is central bank
Explanation:
Budget deficit : This is when government total proposed expenditure for a period is more than the total estimated revenue. When this happens, government get the money to finance the deficit in the budget from the central bank or ask the central bank to print more currency or get aid and grant from foreign aid donors to finance the deficit.
Loan fund to the banking system: This is a function of central bank when they act as lenders of last resort to the commercial bank. If people begins to withdraw their money from commercial banks, the banks may be placed in such a position that they will not have enough cash to pay their customers. They will run to the central bank to borrow money or to rediscount bills and the central bank must not refuse to come to the aid of commercial banks in order to prevent banking crisis which may shake a country's economy.
Sells newly issued government bond : This is when central bank wants to reduce the volume of money in circulation, the central bank sells bond or securities in the open market .people buy with cheque drawn on their deposits in the commercial banks. The central bank then presents the cheque to the commercial bank and draw on their cash reserves by this the cash reserve of commercial banks is reduced and reduce the supply of money in the economy.
Create money out of thin air: This is the central bank function of issuing notes, it is the legal authority to issue notes. When new notes are to be put into circulation, this is done by the central bank .but the new notes are set into circulation through the commercial banks.
Control the money supply : This is the function of central bank to regulate the volume of money in circulation or to mop up excess liquidity in the economy by selling treasury bill through the open market to the members of the public .It collect money from the commercial banks this will reduce the cash reserves of commercial banks and reduce their loan given capacity.
Government bonds, the money supply : The central bank is the legal authority to sell government bonds in order to mop up the excess liquidity in the economy. When their is too much money in circulation, the central bank make use of monetary policy instruments such as the open market operation to reduce the supply of money in circulation.
