Lower- level managers are empowered to make decisions in a decentralized organization, which can increase motivation and job satisfaction.
What is decentralized organisation ?
A company with a decentralized organizational structure is one where mid- and lower-level managers make most of the decisions, rather than the senior management team. Sometimes the employees themselves are even involved in the decision-making process. The opposite of a decentralized organization is a centralized one, where the highest-ranking leaders within the company make all major decisions, and there is a strict decision-making hierarchy. Most companies are not fully decentralized or centralized, having various degrees of both instead.
Some of the main situations where decentralized organization works well include:
- When a company has different points of contact with its customers and each requires highly individualized customer service.
- When an organization has a large number of different store locations and its upper management cannot monitor all of them and make important decisions for them.
- When the market for a specific product is fast-paced and there is intense competition, so all decisions need to be made as quickly as possible.
- Where new developments constantly alter the business model, making centralized control less effective.
Centralized organization :
A centralized organization is an organization that has a consolidated management system with decisions made by the top management then trickling down the chain of command to reach the organization's employees. Centralized organizations are distinguished by specific characteristics, which include;
- The management has a top-down approach where the subordinates follow orders without question.
- The organization has a well-established bureaucracy with a distinct chain of command.
- All the decisions are centrally made, and the opinions of subordinates are hardly considered.
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Answer:
Explanation:
The committee began its work by identifying the most significant issues confronting coastal environments. This assessment was based on the collective experience of committee members as well as perspectives gained from background documents. The recently completed Regional Marine Research Plans (see Appendix C) provided the views of scientists and environmental managers from the major coastal regions of the United States. Also, the Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution listed the most serious problems affecting the marine environment around the world (GESAMP, 1990). Some of the issues highlighted in the committee's list have been recognized for decades. The committee believes that achieving further significant progress in addressing these issues will require joint agency efforts spanning terrestrial and coastal systems. Such efforts are needed urgently and are now possible under the aegis of the Water Subcommittee.
The committee chose issues that are characterized by their wide geographic scope (e.g., are shared by many regions of the country) and that address the problems of (1) sustainable use of resources, (2) reversibility of effects, and (3) anthropogenically mediated deterioration of coastal systems:
eutrophication,
habitat modification,
hydrologic and hydrodynamic disruption,
exploitation of resources,
toxic effects,
introduction of nonindigenous species.
It means you have been stopped from making any transactions, withdrawing any money, etc from your accounts.
Answer:
The developer intends to sell 138 units by the end of year 5
Explanation:
The 100 units grows at the 5% per year, hence you would in the attached spreadsheet the applicable number of housing units per year, which is calculated by multiplying previous year's units with 1.05
Since capture rate is 25% the number of expected sale is 25% of the total of 552.56 as given in the attached.