Ricin comes under the category of functionally related toxins, in a combination known as RIPs (ribosome inactivating proteins). This disables ribosomes and stops the process of protein synthesis.
They directly associate with and inactivate the ribosomes or modify the factors taking part in the process of translation, generally the elongation step. These proteins bring about depurination of adenine at position 4324 in the 28 S rRNA.
This further inhibits the generation of a critical-stem-loop configuration to which the elongation factor is considered to combine at the time of the translocation step of translation. The ultimate outcome of this activity is the complete inhibition of cellular translation.
Answer:
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-product. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process.
This is true. The nervous system produces chemicals that affect our body at a rapid pace and the effects are usually short term and are designed for situations that are out of the ordinary. The endocrine system works slower and in the long run and there's not that much rapid effect that happens in stressful situations that the endocrine system solves or resolves. The hormones produced by the endocrine system are a constant that keeps being produced and they balance our body functions.
Assuming that the rest of the genome is normal, cells with an inactivating mutation in one copy of a tumor-suppressor gene with the second copy of the gene still wild-type are most likely to show no changes in DNA sequence.
Tumor suppressor genes are normally present in the body. These function properly and keep processing the cell growth and cell death (apoptosis). It can also suppress tumor development. If both copies of a tumor suppressor gene is mutated then only it cause a change in cell growth and form a tumor. So these are recessive in nature. And if only one gene is mutated then it shows no mutation. When a tumor suppressor gene is inactivated by mutation, the protein it encodes is not produced or does not function properly, and as a result, uncontrolled cell division can occur. Such mutations can contribute to the development of cancer.
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