How many unpaired electrons are contained in each element: (a) calcium, (b) argon, (c) aluminum, and (d) carbon?

1 answer:

3 0

Unpaired electrons are those electrons which exist singly in orbital, without making pair with other electron

CALCIUM:

Atomic Number 20

Electronic Configuration; 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, 4s²

Number of Unpaired e⁻s; Zero

ARGON:

Atomic Number 18

Electronic Configuration; 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶

Number of Unpaired e⁻s; Zero

ALUMINIUM:

Atomic Number 13

Electronic Configuration; 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p¹ (Ground State)
Electronic Configuration; 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s¹, 3px¹, 3py¹ (Excited State)

Number of Unpaired e⁻s; 1 in Ground state and 3 in Excited State.

CARBON:

Atomic Number 6

Electronic Configuration; 1s², 2s², 2px¹, 2py¹ (Ground State)
Electronic Configuration; 1s², 2s¹, 2px¹, 2py¹, 2pz¹ (Excited State)

Number of Unpaired e⁻s; 2 in Ground state and 4 in Excited State

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A 1.2 L weather balloon on the ground has a temperature of 25°C and is at atmospheric pressure (1.0 atm). When it rises to an el

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Answer:

The temperature of the air at this given elevation will be 53.32425°C

Explanation:

We can calculate the final temperature through the combined gas law. Therefore we will need to know 1 ) The initial volume, 2 ) The initial temperature, 3 ) Initial Pressure, 4 ) Final Volume, 5 ) Final Pressure.

Initial Volume = 1.2 L ; Initial Temperature = 25°C = 298.15 K ; Initial pressure = 1.0 atm ; Final Volume = 1.8 L ; Final pressure = 0.73 atm

We have all the information we need. Now let us substitute into the following formula, and solve for the final temperature ( T $_2$ ),