Answer:
Storage battery oe cell
Explanation:
The storage battery or cell is a device that coverts chemical energy into light energy when required.
During charging of battery, there is some chemical changes in the battery and absorb energy. The absorbed energy is converted into electrical energy when connected to an external load.
Hence, the correct answer is "Storage battery or cell".
Explanation:
1) 
Energy will be absorbed by the Cs(s) to get converted into Cs(g). In order to break the strong association of particles present in solid to convert it into gaseous state energy will be needed. So, energy will be absorbed by the Cs solid in this reaction.
2) 
Energy will be absorbed by 
gas in order to break bond between two Cl atoms to form isolated(alone) single chlorine atom.So, the energy will be absorbed by the chlorine gas molecule in this reaction.
3) 
Energy will be absorbed by the Cs(g) to get converted into 
cation. In order to remove an electron from the outer most shell of Cs atom energy will be required by Cs atom, So, energy will be absorbed in this reaction.
4) 
Energy will get release in formation of 
anion from Cl atom in gaseous state. Chlorine atom need one electron to attain noble gas configuration. So, when an electron is added to the outer most shell of chlorine it attains stability of fully filled outermost shell by which it releases energy on addition of an electron.
5) 
Energy will get release on formation of CsCl(s) from
cation and anion. since both are oppositely charged ion and due to strong electrostatic interaction will get converted into stable molecule of CsCl (s) with release in an energy.
The sulphate solutions came from a recycling LIBs waste cathode materials, which were done by previous research; their content is shown in Table 1 [18]. Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was purchased from Nihon Shiyaku Reagent, Tokyo, Japan (NaCO3, 99.8%), for the chemical precipitation. CO2 was purchased from Air Product and Chemical, Taipei, Taiwan (CO2 ≥ 99%), to carry out the hydrogenation–decomposition method. Dowex G26 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and was used as a strong acidic cation exchange resin, to remove impurities. Multi-elements ICP standard solutions were acquired from AccuStandard, New Haven, Connecticut State, USA. The nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) (HNO3 ≥ 65%) (H2SO4 ≥ 98%) The materials were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS; XFlash6110, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA), X-ray diffraction (XRD; DX-2700, Dangdong City, Liaoning, China), scanning electron microscopy (SEM; S-3000N, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; Varian, Vista-MPX, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). In order to
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 2252 3 of 10
control the hydrogenation temperature and heating rate, a thermostatic bath (XMtd-204;
