Explanation:
It is more difficult to remove electrons from the second shell or energy level because of the imbalance between the positive nuclear charge and the remaining electrons.
- The amount of energy required to remove electrons in ground state of an atom is the ionization energy.
- The first ionization energy is the energy needed to remove the most loosely bound electron of an atom in the gas phase in ground state.
- The second energy has a greater nuclear pull as it is closer to the nucleus.
- Both potassium and silicon have the same number of energy levels.
Answer:
Surface waves travel along the surface. There are two types of body waves: P-waves travel fastest and through solids, liquids, and gases; S-waves only travel through solids.
Explanation:
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Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Rate of diffusion is defined as the total movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration.
The interaction between medium and the material is responsible for the rate of diffusion of a material or substance.
A small concentration gradient means small difference in the number of molecules taking part in a reaction. So, when there no large difference between the concentration then there won't be much difference in the rate of diffusion of a material.
Whereas a higher concentration of molecules will lead to more number of collisions due to which frequency of molecules increases. Therefore, rate of diffusion will also increase.
Small molecule size will also lead to increases in rate of diffusion. This is because according to Graham's law rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to molar mass of an element. Hence, smaller size molecule will have smaller mass. As a result, rate of diffusion will be more.
High temperature means more kinetic energy of molecules due to which more number of collisions will be there. Hence, rate of diffusion will also increase.
Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options a small concentration gradient is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion.
The condensed formula would be CH3-CH(CH4)-CH2-CH(CH4)-CH2-CH(CH4)-CH3. The molecular formula would be C10H25.
