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Katyanochek1 [597]
3 years ago
8

Shells constructed from seawater incorporate the 18O/16O ratio of seawater during their lifetime within their CaCO3 shell walls,

providing a paleothermometer that is used to estimate the temperatures of ancient seas.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Ksivusya [100]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Hello, the above question is not complete, nonetheless let us check somethings out.

Explanation:

Paleothermometer definition is from two words, that is "Paleo" which means something that is old and ''thermometer" which is an instrument for measuring temperature. So, if we add this up, Paleothermometer is an instrument for measuring "old" temperature, that is temperature. One of the Paleothermometer that is been used is the δ18O which is the one in the question that has isotopic ratio of 18O/16O, and it deals with the measurement of 18O to 16O. The others include Alkenones Paleothermometer, Mg/Ca Paleothermometer, Leaf physiognomy and so on.

If the values of the isotopic ratio that is 18O/16O ratio is low, then the temperature is high. To Calculate the 18O/16O ratio for ancient ocean then we will be using the equation below;

δ18O = (z - 1) × 1000. Where z= [(18O/16O)/( 18O/16O)sm. And sm= standard mean.

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Determine the molarity for each of the following solution solutions:
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Answer :

(a)The molarity of KCl solution is, 0.9713 mole/L

(b)The molarity of H_2SO_4 solution is, 0.00525 mole/L

(c)The molarity of Al(NO_3)_3 solution is, 0.0612 mole/L

(d)The molarity of CuSO_4.5H_2O solution is, 7.61 mole/L

(e)The molarity of Br_2 solution is, 0.0565 mole/L

(f)The molarity of C_2H_5NO_2 solution is, 0.0113 mole/L

Explanation :

<u>(a) 1.457 mol of KCl in 1.500 L of solution</u>

Formula used :

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution (in L)}}

Solute is KCl.

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{1.457mole}{1.500L}=0.9713mole/L

The molarity of KCl solution is, 0.9713 mole/L

<u>(b) 0.515 gram of H_2SO_4, in 1.00 L of solution</u>

Formula used :

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Molar mass of solute}\times \text{Volume of solution (in L)}}

Solute is H_2SO_4

Molar mass of H_2SO_4 = 98 g/mole

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{0.515g}{98g/mole\times 1.00L}=0.00525mole/L

The molarity of H_2SO_4 solution is, 0.00525 mole/L

<u>(c) 20.54 g of Al(NO_3)_3 in 1575 mL of solution</u>

Formula used :

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Molar mass of solute}\times \text{Volume of solution (in mL)}}

Solute is Al(NO_3)_3

Molar mass of Al(NO_3)_3 = 213 g/mole

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{20.54g\times 1000}{213g/mole\times 1575L}=0.0612mole/L

The molarity of Al(NO_3)_3 solution is, 0.0612 mole/L

<u>(d) 2.76 kg of CuSO_4.5H_2O in 1.45 L of solution</u>

Formula used :

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Molar mass of solute}\times \text{Volume of solution (in L)}}

Solute is CuSO_4.5H_2O

Molar mass of CuSO_4.5H_2O = 250 g/mole

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{2760g}{250g/mole\times 1.45L}=7.61mole/L

The molarity of CuSO_4.5H_2O solution is, 7.61 mole/L

<u>(e) 0.005653 mol of Br_2 in 10.00 ml of solution</u>

Formula used :

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Moles of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Volume of solution (in mL)}}

Solute is Br_2.

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{0.005653mole\times 1000}{10.00L}=0.0565mole/L

The molarity of Br_2 solution is, 0.0565 mole/L

<u>(f) 0.000889 g of glycine, C_2H_5NO_2, in 1.05 mL of solution</u>

Formula used :

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Molar mass of solute}\times \text{Volume of solution (in mL)}}

Solute is C_2H_5NO_2

Molar mass of C_2H_5NO_2 = 75 g/mole

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{0.000889g\times 1000}{75g/mole\times 1.05L}=0.0113mole/L

The molarity of C_2H_5NO_2 solution is, 0.0113 mole/L

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Explanation:

  • The water molecules gets trapped in the crystal structure to be analysed and will give a peak in the spectra at about 3500 /cm , and there by hindering with the IR spectra of the sample to be analysed .
  • The second problem with the contamination of the sample with water is , that water makes the potassium bromide disc opaque which will decrease the absorption of the IR by the sample .
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