Answer:
Molecular genetic approaches to the study of plant metabolism can be traced back to the isolation of the first cDNA encoding a plant enzyme (Bedbrook et al., 1980), the use of the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells (Hernalsteens et al., 1980) and the establishment of routine plant transformation systems (Bevan, 1984; Horsch et al., 1985). It became possible to express foreign genes in plants and potentially to overexpress plant genes using cDNAs linked to strong promoters, with the aim of modifying metabolism. However, the discovery of the antisense phenomenon of plant gene silencing (van der Krol et al., 1988; Smith et al., 1988), and subsequently co‐suppression (Napoli et al., 1990; van der Krol et al., 1990), provided the most powerful and widely‐used methods for investigating the roles of specific enzymes in metabolism and plant growth. The antisense or co‐supression of gene expression, collectively known as post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), has been particularly versatile and powerful in studies of plant metabolism. With such molecular tools in place, plant metabolism became accessible to investigation and manipulation through genetic modification and dramatic progress was made in subsequent years (Stitt and Sonnewald, 1995; Herbers and Sonnewald, 1996), particularly in studies of solanaceous species (Frommer and Sonnewald, 1995).
A fat free diet is dangerous because IT CAN RESULT IN DEFICIENCY OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS.
Essential fatty acids refers to those fatty acids that humans must eat in their foods because the body can not synthesize them and they are required for good health. There are three type of essential fatty acids, these are arachidonic, linoleic and linolenic acids. When these essential fatty acid are absent in one's diet they lead to ill health.
Answer:
- In terrestrial environments: increasing CO2 levels cause an increased photosynthetic rate
- In aquatic environments: increasing CO2 levels cause an increase in water acidity
- In both terrestrial and aquatic environments: increasing CO2 levels lead to an overall increase in the average temperature (global warming)
Explanation:
In terrestrial ecosystems, rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels increase the rate of photosynthesis (since CO2 is one of the reactants in photosynthesis), thereby also increasing plant growth. Moreover, in aquatic ecosystems, rising CO2 concentrations increase the levels of this gas dissolved on the surface of the oceans. This increases the acidity of the oceans, thereby modifying habitats and food web structures. The increasing acidity of the oceans also reduces the amounts of carbonate, which difficult for aquatic species (e.g., corals) to form their shells/skeletons. Finally, CO2 is a greenhouse gas that contributes to the increase in the average temperature by absorbing solar radiation that would otherwise have been reflected by the Earth's surface, and this increase in the temperature negatively affects life in both terrestrial and aquatic environments.
B Carbón dioxide
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The two properties of matter that determine its states are temperature and pressure determine the state of any matter. Both of them are needed to determine if it is going to be solid, liquid, gas, plasma and etc. I hope you are satisfied with my answer and feel free to ask for more
