Answer:
Problem recognition
Explanation:
Problem recognition is the first stage of the purchasing process. It is at this stage that the decision-maker realises there needs to be a change from the status quo.
The next stage is information gathering. Involving researching information about the problem and sources of solution.
Next is evaluation of solutions.
Finally purchase is made.
Answer:
instrumentality
Explanation:
It is related to Vroom expectancy motivation theory, which assumes that behaviour result from conscious choices among alternatives, it purpose is to maximize pleasure and to minimize pain. Vroom used the variables Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence in order to set his theory.
Expectancy: Related to the belief that increased effort means that the performance also increase. For example: if you work harder then you have better results.
Instrumentality: Belief that if a person perform well then he or she would receive a valued outcome. It sets the degree to which a first level outcome has to lead to a second level outcome. For example: If you do a good job, then it has something for you on it.
Valence: Represents the importance that the individual place has upon expected outcome. For it to be positive, the person should prefer attaining the outcome to not attaining it. For example: If what motivates you is money, then you are not going to value offers such as additional time off.
1. to help government planners make the best decisions
2. investors believe the economy is going to continue to grow
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