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The name comes from a latin word meaning to glue or bind together. DNA ligase catalyses the joining of DNA fragments (usually those produced by restriction enzymes). Thus different genes can be put into vectors and moved into other hosts.
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Ecology is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and with their environment. Abiotic factors are the parts of the environment that have never been alive, while biotic factors are the parts of the environment that are alive, or were alive and then died
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scientific conclusions are reliable as they are helpful for many things however it is true that after the evolution of new ideas the old theory have some changes or may change fully or may be proved wrong but yeah the old theories are still helpful for many reasons and things.
so I think scientific conclusions are reliable