Explain collective action problems and free riding, and how groups get around these problems through benefits of participation (i.e., solidary benefits and purposive benefits), coercion, and selective incentives.
collective action problem; situation in which members of a group would benefit by working together to produce some outcome, but each individual is better off refusing to cooperate and reaping benefits from those who do the work; one individuals efforts will not make a big difference; individual is better off free riding, can not do any work but still enjoy successes of group; even when people agree something would be good, cooperation isn't easy or automatic
free riding; relying on others to contribute to a collective effort and not participating on ones own behalf, but still benefiting from the groups successes
mechanism to promote cooperation: benefits from participation, coercion, selective incentives
soldiery benefits-satisfaction derived from the experience of working with like-minded people, even if the groups efforts do not achieve the desired impact
purposive benefit- satisfaction that comes from working to achieve a common goal
coercion- requiring participation; ex. labor unions require union dues as condition
selective incentives- benefits only given to members of an interest group
hope this helps.
The teacher should teach the systematic decoding of sound-symbol correspondences, to ensure students' recognition of spelling such words.
<h3 /><h3>What is systematic decoding?</h3>
It corresponds to the teaching provided in the literacy process, which consists of helping to identify the relationship between letters and sounds using a sequence, so that students can decode words by reading a text that contains such practice.
Therefore, the phonetic learning of words is essential for the literacy process and cognitive development of the individual.
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Answer:
shaping
Explanation:
In this scenario, the coach is using a training strategy called shaping. This strategy revolves around providing positive reinforcement to the subject starting with a wide range of behavior. This range is lessened as time progresses leading to positive reinforcement being only given out for a very specific desired behavior. This is a way of leading the subject more towards that desired behavior and less toward other behaviors until that desired behavior is perfected.
