All of the options are correct because each possesses the ability to specialize into a specific type of cell.
Portal blood vessels connect two capillary beds found in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.
So, the correct option is C.
<h3>Hypothalamus-Pituitary Complex:</h3>
- The "command center" of the endocrine system is assumed to be the hypothalamus-pituitary complex.
- In addition to hormones that directly affect target tissues, this complex also secretes hormones that control the production and release of hormones from other glands.
- Furthermore, the hypothalamus-pituitary complex controls the communications between the nervous and endocrine systems.
- The hypothalamus-pituitary complex is frequently necessary for the translation of a stimulus into hormones that can start a reaction after it is received by the neurological system.
- Additionally, the pituitary gland (also known as the hypophysis), a bean-shaped organ hung from the hypothalamus by a stem called the infundibulum (or pituitary stalk), is physically and functionally connected to the hypothalamus.
- The sella turcica of the sphenoid bone of the skull serves as a cradle for the pituitary gland.
- It has two lobes, the posterior pituitary (also known as the neurohypophysis), which is made of neural tissue, and the anterior pituitary (also known as the adenohypophysis), which is made of glandular tissue.
<h3>Anterior Pituitary:</h3>
- The embryonic anterior pituitary develops from the gastrointestinal tract and moves toward the brain as the fetus grows.
- The pars tuberalis is a thin "tube" that wraps around the infundibulum, the pars distalis is the most anterior, and the pars intermedia is next to the posterior pituitary.
- Neurons secrete hormones from the hypothalamus, but blood arteries transport them to the anterior pituitary.
- There is a capillary bridge that links the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus inside the infundibulum.
- The hypophyseal portal system is the network that enables the delivery of hypothalamic hormones directly to the anterior pituitary without first passing via the systemic circulation.
- The superior hypophyseal artery, a branch of the carotid arteries that carries blood to the hypothalamus, serves as the system's initial point.
- The hypophyseal portal system is made up of the superior hypophyseal artery's branches.
- The portal veins deliver hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones into the anterior pituitary via a main capillary plexus.
- Anterior pituitary hormones enter a secondary capillary plexus in reaction to hormones being released, and from there, drain into the blood circulation.
- In the anterior pituitary, seven hormones are produced.
- Separate hormones produced by the hypothalamus either promote or suppress the anterior pituitary's capacity to produce hormones.
- The hypophyseal portal system is the route by which hormones from the hypothalamus get to the anterior pituitary.
- Seven hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary.
- Beta endorphin,
- prolactin,
- thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),
- growth hormone (GH),
- follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and
- luteinizing hormone (LH).
- Because they regulate the activity of other endocrine glands, the anterior pituitary hormones TSH, ACTH, FSH, and LH are together known as tropic hormones.
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Answer:
The correct answer is : A.
Explanation:
- This is because of the following reasons:
- Escherichia coli is a bacteria and hence is a prokaryote.
- The cloning of human (eukaryote) genes is done to obtain in-vitro protein expression which are to be used a pharmaceutical compounds.
- Although the phenomenon of Central Dogma takes place in both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, the mechanism is very different.
- Some of the differences includes:
- Eukaryotic genes contain certain non-protein encoding sequences called the Intron sequences which needs to be removed from the transcribed mature mRNA by Spliceosome. This phenomenon is absent in prokaryotes as they do not possess introns. Hence, proper processing of eukaryotic mRNA is not possible in prokaryotes.
- The mature eukaryotic mRNA has a 5' cap and 3' polyadenylated tail which is added by a capping enzyme and a poly-A polymerase enzyme to increase their stability. This will not be possible in a prokaryote as they lack these enzymes.
- The translation of membrane proteins and secretory proteins is carried on by the ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. This structure is absent in prokaryotes, hence they will be unable to produce a proper polypeptide sequence.
- Finally, the eukaryotic proteins undergo various modifications after formation, like methylation, acetylation, etc. These reactions cannot be carried out in a prokaryote as they lack the respective enzymes.
- Hence, we see a properly folded functional eukaryotic protein cannot be produced in a prokaryote.
Answer:
Explanation:
Based on the scenario being described within the question it can be said that the components of Jenna's pedigree will be a line connecting her mother and father, a colored circle representing Jenna, and two empty circles representing her sisters. Thus representing that the line connects the parents and the three circles are the children of that couple. And the colored in circle represents the child with colored hair.
