Answer:
Activation of infectious inflammation:
PAMPs are derived from microorganisms and thus drive inflammation in response to infections. After identifying microorganisms infections PAMPs by PRRs, activate cytoplasmic complexes called inflammasomes.
After activation of inflammasomes, these inflammasomes activate the protease caspase-1, which then cleaves or breaks various pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in maturation and cellular release that cause inflammatory reactions.
Answer:
A maple tree is an example of a tree
Excretory system and urinary system are both working to remove waste in the human body. but technically, urinary system is part of the excretory system. The excretory system includes the kidney organ which is the main and the most important organ of the urinary system, another part of the excretory systems are the large intestine and the lungs. on the other hand, urinary system aside from kidney includes ureters, urinary bladder and the urethra. when the human body produces waste products, both the excretory and the urinary work together to remove these waste products from the human body.
Answer is
body-brain barrier.
Explanation:
Mannitol injection is used to reduce swelling ande pressure around the brain.
It enhances flow of water from tissues including cerebrospinal fluid and the brain into plasma and interstitial fluid.
Answer and Explanation:
The steps of the sliding filament theory are:
Muscle activation: breakdown of energy (ATP) by myosin.
Before contraction begins, myosin is only associated with a molecule of energy (ATP), which myosin breaks down into its component molecules (ADP + P) causing myosin to change shape.
Muscle contraction: cross-bridge formation
The shape change allows myosin to bind an adjacent actin, creating a cross-bridge.
Recharging: power (pulling) stroke
The cross-bridge formation causes myosin to release ADP+P, change shape, and to pull (slide) actin closer to the center of the myosin molecule.
Relaxaction: cross-bridge detachment
The completion of the pulling stroke further changes the shape of myosin. This allows myosin and ATP to bind, which causes myosin to release actin, destroying the cross-bridge. The cycle is now ready to begin again.
The repeated cycling through these steps generates force (i.e., step 2: cross-bridge formation) and changes in muscle length (i.e., step 3: power stroke), which are necessary to muscle contraction.
