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3 years ago

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5. Before vehicle emissions were well-regulated CO emissions were 66 g/mile. Assume this emission rate applies for an airshed. T

he airshed has dimensions of 9 km by 18 km with wind speeds of 1.5 m/s parallel to the longer dimension. There is a temperature inversion at 100 m. The average vehicle miles traveled is 800,000 miles each hour between 5 AM and 8 PM, and the concentration of CO before the morning rush hour and the incoming wind concentration are both 200 ppb. Temperature is 0 °C and pressure is 0.9 atmospheres. a. Find C0 and Cin in mg/m3 . b. What is the pollutant residence time in the box? c. If morning rush hour starts at 5 AM. What is the CO concentration seven hours later?

1 answer:

Aleks [24]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:CALINE4 Model and Geographical Information System were used for

the present study to predict the CO concentrations and prepare thematic

maps for the study area.

CALINE4 is a latest model that predicts the concentration of carbon

monoxide impacts near the roadways. The California Department of

Transformation (CALTRANS) developed the model and its purpose is to help

planners protect public health from the adverse effects of carbon monoxide.

The model predictions along with the aid of GIS based model help to arrive at

air shed levels of carbon monoxide. CALINE4 is a simple line source

Gaussian plume dispersion model. The user defines the proposed roadway

geometry, worst-case meteorological parameters, anticipated traffic volumes

and receptor positions to predict the concentrations of pollutant.

CALINE4 is graphical with windows based user interface, designed to

ease data entry and increase the online help capabilities. The model was

developed for predicting the concentrations of relatively inert pollutants such

as carbon monoxide and it is now used for several other pollutants like NO2

and SPM. The model is based on fine tuned Gaussian diffusion equation and

it employs mixing zone concept to characterize the pollutant dispersion over

the roadways. Given the exhaust emission concentrations, meteorology and

site geometry, the model can predict the concentration of pollutants for any experimentation

Explanation:

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larisa86 [58]

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3 years ago

The potential energy diagram shows the gain and loss of potential energy as water molecules decompose into hydrogen and oxygen.

Dovator [93]

Answer:

The<em> diagram</em> with the five<em> labels</em> of the parts is in the image attached. Please, see the image.

Explanation:

<u>1) General explanation:</u> a <em>potential chemical energy diagram</em> is used to show how the <em>reactants</em> gain energy until they reach the <em>activation energy</em>, form the <em>activated complex</em>, and release part of the energy to form the <em>products</em>.

The difference between the chemical potential energy of the products and the reactants is the <em>enthalpy of the reaction</em>:

ΔH rxn = ΔH products - ΔH reactants.

The labels that correspond to each part of the diagram are explained next.

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This is the substances at the start, so they appear on the left bottom side of the diagram.

<em><u>3) Activation energy:</u></em>

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<u><em>4) Activated complex:</em></u>

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<u><em>5) Products:</em></u>

These are the substances formed when the reaction is completed. They are lower in energy than the activated complex. They can be either higher or lower in energy than the reactants. The products are shown to the right of the diagram.

<em><u>6) Enthalpy of the reaction:</u></em>

The enthalpy of the reaction is the difference in energy of the products and the reactants. In this case, since, the products are higher in energy, it means that the reaction absorbed energy and it is an endothermic reaction.

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3 years ago

When may a scientific theory be revised?

Anika [276]

Answer:

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Explanation:

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3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

What volume of 0.152 M KMnO4 solution would completely react with 20.0 mL of 0.381 M FeSO4 solution according to the following n

ANEK [815]

<u>Answer:</u> The volume of permanganate ion (potassium permanganate) is 10.0 mL

<u>Explanation:</u>

To calculate the number of moles for given molarity, we use the equation:

$\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution (in L)}}$ .....(1)

Molarity of ferrous sulfate solution = 0.381 M

Volume of solution = 20.0 mL = 0.020 L (Conversion factor: 1 L = 1000 mL)

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$0.381M=\frac{\text{Moles of ferrous sulfate}}{0.020L}\\\\\text{Moles of ferrous sulfate}=(0.381mol/L\times 0.020L)=0.00762mol$

For the given chemical equation:

$5Fe^{2+}+8H^++MnO_4^-\rightarrow 5Fe^{3+}+Mn^{2+}+4H_2O$

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

5 moles of iron (II) ions (ferrous sulfate) reacts with 1 mole of permanganate ion (potassium permanganate)

So, 0.00762 moles of iron (II) ions (ferrous sulfate) will react with = $\frac{1}{5}\times 0.00762=0.00152mol$ of permanganate ion (potassium permanganate)

Now, calculating the volume of permanganate ion (potassium permanganate) by using equation 1, we get:

Molarity of permanganate ion (potassium permanganate) = 0.152 M

Moles of permanganate ion (potassium permanganate) = 0.00152 mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$0.152mol/L=\frac{0.00152mol}{\text{Volume of permanganate ion (potassium permanganate)}}\\\\\text{Volume of permanganate ion (potassium permanganate)}=\frac{0.00152mol}{0.152mol/L}=0.01L=10.0mL$

Hence, the volume of permanganate ion (potassium permanganate) is 10.0 mL

3 0

3 years ago