Answer:hydrogen ions
Explanation:in the mitochondria,electrons pass down a chain of carrier molecules from a higher energy level to a lower energy level.energy is released from this process and this energy is used to pump hydrogen ions into the inter membrane space of the mitochondria.this causes a gradient which is harnessed for the formation of ATP from ADP and an inorganic phosphate.
Giraffes probably used to have short necks. Over time, since the branches of trees or plants were out of their reach, they adapted to this by having a longer neck. Those with longer necks are able to reach the food and eat it that those with short necks could not. Obviously, those with longer necks are able to survive and therefore reproduce. Because of reproduction, they are able to pass on this characteristic that allowed them to survive on to their offspring. This leads to offspring doing the same and over time, affecting the entire population of giraffes and soon evolving giraffes. This is natural selection doing its work in the evolution of long necks in giraffes.
Answer:
Explanation:
The urban environment usually refers to the city, like Chicago. Urban is the opposite of rural. The rural area is known as the countryside. Urban environments often include; tall skyscrapers, loud streets, and the smells of different kinds of foods.
Answer:
The limited autonomy of the robotic rovers on Mars posed a big problem.
Explanation:
Missions are very costly, and can lead the project to fail with the simplest errors. If the rover was permanently trapped on a rock or destroyed, it would have a catastrophic impact on the exploration. Thus on-board technologies would still be more traditional than what a laboratory environment has sought. The autonomous rovers will considerably increase the productivity of crew. Responsibility for their own well-being is also useful for the rovers: to prevent getting hurt, to recognize and correct recoverable hardware and software faults.
