City planners anticipate an 8.2% population growth per year, including new residents and births. The population, in millions of
people, based on this increase can be modeled by the function p(x) = 2.5(1.082), where x is the number of years of tracked growth. The planners also estimate a 3% population loss over the same time period that can be modeled by the function L(p) = p(0.97).
From the statement we know the function that models the population growth over the years (p(x)) but we have been told that there is an estimated loss that can be modeled by the function L(p), so in order to find which function represents the final function, we need to composite the function, which is the same that evaluate p(x) into the function L(p).
Two ratios that are equivalent are the same in value. We call these equivalent ratios. To find an equivalent ratio multiply or divide both of the numbers by a common number (or same number), this would be the exact same when finding equivalent fractions as well.