Answer:
Option D, Gastric Juices
Explanation:
The second line of defense is a non specific defense mechanism in which no specific individual is targeted but all invaders are killed in general way. Some common mode of second line of defense are - Phagocytic cells (white blood cells), inflammatory responses, macrophage system etc. The second line of defense comes into action when the invader has surpassed the first line of defense which include either physical barrier like skin, mucous membrane, hair, cilia etc. or chemical barriers like gastric juices, saliva, Hyaluronic acid etc.
Hence, gastric juice does not belong to second line of defense.
Thus, option D is correct.
Body temperature, Environmental temperature, Body mass, Reproductive condition, Activity, Feeding, Body condition, Season. All of these would help increase it. Hope this helps. :)
Answer:
D) The smoke would settle around cities, reducing visibility.
The correct answer is D: I and II only.
Viruses have protein capsids, which protect their genetic material. This capsid sometimes is covered by viral envelopes which have glycoproteins on their surface. Glycoproteins help in the process of binding to the host cell and infecting it. In this example, virus III has the structure of a bacteriophage and it does not seem to have glycoproteins. Bacteriophages use their tail fibers to attach to the bacterial host and inject their genetic material. On the contrary, viruses I and II have glycoproteins sticking out of their envelopes.
Answer:
If the genotype of the parents are <em>Iᵃi </em>and <em>I</em>ᵇ<em>i, </em>then four type of offspring will be produced.The genotype of the offspring are, <em>IᵃIᵇ, Iᵃi,Iᵇi, </em>and <em>ii.</em>
Explanation:
<em>IᵃIᵇ = </em>As the alleles are co-dominant in nature, so both type of alleles are expressed. The blood group will be AB. So, both A and B type of antigen will be found in plasma membrane of RBC.
<em>Iᵃi= </em>In this type of genotype only A type of antigen will be expressed in the membrane of RBC. The blood group will be A type.
<em>Iᵇi= </em>In this type of genotype only B type of antigen will be expressed in the membrane of RBC. The blood group will be B type.
<em>ii= </em>This is a recessive type of genotype. So, no antigen will be found on the membrane of the RBC. And the blood group will be O type.
The offspring's ratio will be 1:1:1:1.