3. The peripheral nervous system together with the central nervous system are the two components of the nervous system. The peripheral nervous system includes the parts that are outside the brain and spinal cord, these are the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their roots and branches, peripheral nerves, and the neuromascular junctions.
4. The somatic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that is associated with the voluntary control of body movements through the skeletal muscles and mediation of involuntary reflex arcs. On the other hand the autonomic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as an involuntary control systems b and controls visceral functions.
5. A neuron also called a nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. It consists of Axon, Cell body, dendrite among other cell, as shown in the attached file.
6. Axon also the nerve fiber is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, that conducts electrical impulses known as the action potentials, away from the cell body. It functions to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. Dendrites (branch-like extensions) on the other hand are the chief sensors of a neuron, they receive the incoming signals or impulses and carry them toward the cell body. About 75% of the dendritic membranes play a vital role in synaptic transmission.
7. Nerve cells or neurons are functionally classified into sensory, motor neurons or inter-neurons (relay neurons).
Sensory neurons are unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar shaped cells that conduct action potentials tward or into the central nervous system.
Motor neurons are multipolar shaped cells that conduct impulses out of the CNS, and the
inter-neurons are cells that link the sensory and motor neurons.
8. i) Receptors in the skin sense touch or other type os stimuli
ii) Sensory neurons conduct or transmit the impulses (the touch message) to the CNS
iii) Information is sorted and interpreted in the brain. A response is determined by interneurons.
iv) Motor neurons transmit the response message o the shoulder muscles.
v) The shoulder muscles are activated, causing the head to turn.
9. The cerebrum enable us to Control memory, intelligence and also muscles. Cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex, as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and the olfactory bulb.
10. The Cerebellum controls balance, posture and coordination , the cerebellum receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain and then regulates motor movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balnced muscular activity. On the other hand, the Brainstem Controls involuntary activities such as breathing.
