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4vir4ik [10]
2 years ago
8

Disulfide bonds are involved in maintaining ________ protein structure as well as the ________ level of protein structure exhibi

ted by complex proteins such as antibodies. Multiple Choice quaternary; tertiary secondary; tertiary primary; secondary tertiary; quaternary secondary; quaternary
Biology
1 answer:
Whitepunk [10]2 years ago
4 0

Answer:

tertiary; quaternary

Explanation:

The orientation of all the atoms of a protein in three dimensions represents its tertiary structure. It includes the folding of the polypeptide chains in a way that brings are far apart amino acids of its secondary structure close together. Various segments of a polypeptide chain interact to form tertiary structures and these segments are held together by different kinds of weak interactions.

However, disulfide cross-links between the segments of polypeptide chains also stabilize the tertiary structure of some proteins. Likewise, disulfide bonds also hold the protein subunits of some proteins together and thereby, contribute to the quaternary structure. For example, two light chains of an antibody are joined together by disulfide bonds.

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An additional gene, gene W, was also examined. A test cross was made between true-breeding EEWW flies and EEWW flies. The result
Debora [2.8K]

This question is incorrect but here is the correct question below;

An additional gene,gene W was also examined. a test cross was made between true breeding EEWW flies and eeww flies. The resulting F₁ generation was then crossed with eeww flies. 100 offspring in the F₂ generation were examined and it was discovered that the E and W genes were not linked.

Which is the correct genotype of the F₂ offspring if the genes were linked and if the genes were not linked?

a) Linked: 50% EeWw and 50% eeww; not linked: 25% EeWw, 25% Eeww, 25% eeWw and 25% eeww.

b) Linked: 25% Eeww, 50% eeWw; not linked:parental genotypes EeWw and eeww.

c) Linked genotypes (EeWw and eeww) and recombinant genotype ( Eeww & eeWw) in the F₂ generation are nearly the same irrespective of their linkage.

d) Linked: mostly with parental genotypes, Eeww and eeWw; unlinked: 25% EeWw and eeww with 75% Eeww and eeWw.

Answer:

a) Linked: 50% EeWw and 50% eeww; not linked: 25% EeWw, 25% Eeww, 25% eeWw and 25% eeww.

Explanation:

a test cross was made between true breeding EEWW flies and eeww flies

If EEWW self crossed, we have the following ( EW, EW, EW, EW)

Also, for eeww, we have ( ew, ew, ew, ew)

                   

                    EW                   EW                     EW                   EW

ew               EWew               EWew               EWew               EWew      

ew               EWew               EWew               EWew               EWew

ew               EWew               EWew               EWew               EWew

ew               EWew               EWew               EWew               EWew

All offspring are  (EWew)

The question goes further by saying "The resulting F₁ generation was then crossed with eeww flies".

And we are asked to find the correct genotype of the F₂ offspring if the genes were linked and if the genes were not linked

∴

To determine  the offsprings of the linked genes we need to go by the definition and understand what linked genes are: Linked genes are genes that are physically close together on the same chromosomes. Effect of recombinantion on linked genes, results in gene swaps which occur in chromosomes that are homologous.

Having said that; If  EWew × eeww

we have;                 EW   &   ew    ×    ew  &    ew

           EW               ew

ew       EeWw          eeww

ew       EeWw          eeww

offspring that

are linked in   ⇒     EeWw    EeWw     &      eeww      eeww

F₂   will be

\frac{1}{2} = 50% of EeWw of the total 100 offspring in the F₂ cross

\frac{1}{2} = 50% of eeww of the total 100 offspring in the F₂ cross

∴ Linked genes =  50% EeWw and 50% eeww.

For unlinked genes; If  EWew × eeww

if rearrangement occurs in EWew  and EWew self crossed, we have ( EW,Ew,eW,ew) as the traits needed for the unlinked gene F₂ crossing.

Also ewew will be (ew, ew, ew, ew).

                       EW                    Ew                    eW                    ew

ew                  EeWw               Eeww                eeWw                eeww

ew                  EeWw               Eeww                eeWw                eeww

ew                  EeWw              Eeww                 eeWw                eeww

ew                  EeWw              Eeww                 eeWw                eeww

We have the following results for the unlinked genes

\frac{1}{4} = EeWw  25% of the total 100 offspring in the F₂ cross

\frac{1}{4} = Eeww   25% of the total 100 offspring in the F₂ cross

\frac{1}{4} = eeWw   25% of the total 100 offspring in the F₂ cross

\frac{1}{4} = eeww    25% of the total 100 offspring in the F₂ cross

∴ not linked: 25% EeWw, 25% Eeww, 25% eeWw and 25% eeww.

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