<span>Permeable means that a material is full of tiny, connected airspaces that allows water to seep through it.</span>
In the so called rain shadow effect we have interaction between all of the four major Earth spheres. When we have a coastal region where there's a high mountain range, the part of the mountain that is facing the sea will differ a lot from the part of the mountain that is on the other side. The water from the sea evaporates. The water vapor makes the air wet. The warm and wet air masses from the sea will come to the coastline, once they reach the mountain they will start to accumulate as they can not pass through it. As they accumulate rainfall appears. The rainfall contributes to a lush vegetation on this side of the mountain (windward side). The rain shadow effect appears on the leeward side of the mountain, and it mostly gets dry, strong, downward winds. These conditions result in drier climate, much less vegetation, and much increased erosion. Thus we can easily see that we have in this case interaction between the hydrosphere (the sea and the rainfall), the geosphere (the ground, soil, rocks), biosphere (the vegetation), and atmosphere (the winds, the clouds).
The rock is limestone, I hope this helps!!
5. It was evident that the marker ink is a mixture because when it was subjected to chromatography process the constituent materials which made up the marker ink got separated and appear as different bands on the chromatography paper.
6. YES, the constituents of the marker have different travelling speed, so some travel slowly while others are fast. Their travelling rates depend on the mobile phases that are used during the chromatography process.
The constituents of the marker has different travelling speed because each one of them react differently with the mobile solvent that is used. Those constituents that have high affinity for the solvent used will travel faster that those that did not.
7. The mixture travel faster in alcohol that in water. This is because the ink dissolves more in the rubbing alcohol and has higher affinity for rubbing alcohol compare with water.
8. I can improve on my RF measurement by making sure that I read to the millimeter marks when taking my readings with ruler and by making sure that I record my value to four significant figures.
