What is civil engineering

This question allows you to practice proving a language is non-regular via the Pumping Lemma. Using the Pumping Lemma (Theorem 1

Ulleksa [173]

Answer:

L is not a regular language with formal proofs

Explanation:

(a) To prove that L is not a regular language, we will use a proof by contradiction. the assumption entails that L is a regular language. Then by the Pumping Lemma for Regular Languages, 

there exists a pumping length p for L such that for any string s ∈ L where |s| ≥ p, 

s = xyz subject to the following conditions: 

(a) |y| > 0 

(b) |xy| ≤ p, and 

(c) ∀i > 0, xyi 

z ∈ L

(b) To determine that L is not a regular language, we mke use of proof by contradiction. lets assume, that L is regular. Then by the Pumping Lemma for Regular Languages, it states also,

The pumping length, p for L such that for any string s ∈ L where |s| ≥ p, s = xyz subject to the condtions as follows : 

(a) |y| > 0 

(b) |xy| ≤ p, and 

(c) ∀i > 0, xyi 

z ∈ L. 

Choose s = 0p10p 

. Clearly, |s| ≥ p and s ∈ L. By condition (b) above, it follows is shown. by the first condition x and y are zeros.

for some k > 0. Per (c), we can take i = 0 and the resulting string will still be in L. Thus, xy0 

z should be in L. xy0 

z = xz = 0(p−k)10p 

It is shown that is is not in L. This is a contraption with the pumping lemma. our assumption that L is regular is incorrect, and L is not a regular language

6 0

3 years ago

An open vat in a food processing plant contains 500 L of water at 20°C and atmospheric pressure. If the water is heated to 80°C,

tester [92]

Answer:

percentage change in volume is 2.60%

water level rise is 4.138 mm

Explanation:

given data

volume of water V = 500 L

temperature T1 = 20°C

temperature T2 = 80°C

vat diameter = 2 m

to find out

percentage change in volume and how much water level rise

solution

we will apply here bulk modulus equation that is ratio of change in pressure to rate of change of volume to change of pressure

and we know that is also in term of change in density also

so

E = $-\frac{dp}{dV/V}$ ................1

And $-\frac{dV}{V} = \frac{d\rho}{\rho}$ ............2

here ρ is density

and we know ρ for 20°C = 998 kg/m³

and ρ for 80°C = 972 kg/m³

so from equation 2 put all value

$-\frac{dV}{V} = \frac{d\rho}{\rho}$

$-\frac{dV}{500*10^{-3} } = \frac{972-998}{998}$

dV = 0.0130 m³

so now % change in volume will be

dV % = $-\frac{dV}{V}$ × 100

dV % = $-\frac{0.0130}{500*10^{-3} }$ × 100

dV % = 2.60 %

so percentage change in volume is 2.60%

and

initial volume v1 = $\frac{\pi }{4} *d^2*l(i)$ ................3

final volume v2 = $\frac{\pi }{4} *d^2*l(f)$ ................4

now from equation 3 and 4 , subtract v1 by v2

v2 - v1 = $\frac{\pi }{4} *d^2*(l(f)-l(i))$

dV = $\frac{\pi }{4} *d^2*dl$

put here all value

0.0130 = $\frac{\pi }{4} *2^2*dl$

dl = 0.004138 m

so water level rise is 4.138 mm

8 0

3 years ago

An Ideal gas is being heated in a circular duct as while flowing over an electric heater of 130 kW. The diameter of duct is 500

Rashid [163]

Answer:

Exit temperature = 32 °C

Explanation:

We are given;

Initial Pressure;P1 = 100 KPa

Cp =1000 J/kg.K = 1 KJ/kg.k

R = 500 J/kg.K = 0.5 Kj/Kg.k

Initial temperature;T1 = 27°C = 273 + 27K = 300 K

volume flow rate;V' = 15 m³/s

W = 130 Kw

Q = 80 Kw

Using ideal gas equation,

PV' = m'RT

Where m' is mass flow rate.

Thus;making m' the subject, we have;

m' = PV'/RT

So at inlet,

m' = P1•V1'/(R•T1)

m' = (100 × 15)/(0.5 × 300)

m' = 10 kg/s

From steady flow energy equation, we know that;

m'•h1 + Q = m'h2 + W

Dividing through by m', we have;

h1 + Q/m' = h2 + W/m'

h = Cp•T

Thus,

Cp•T1 + Q/m' = Cp•T2 + W/m'

Plugging in the relevant values, we have;

(1*300) - (80/10) = (1*T2) - (130/10)

Q and M negative because heat is being lost.

300 - 8 + 13 = T2

T2 = 305 K = 305 - 273 °C = 32 °C

13000 + 300 - 8000 = T2

6 0

3 years ago

Adding new equipment or processes may require changes to the PPE requirements for

Yuki888 [10]

I think it’s is false I’m not that sure

5 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

A closed system consisting of 4 lb of a gas undergoes a process during which the relation between pressure and volume is pVn 5 c

gayaneshka [121]

Answer:

V1=5ft3

V2=2ft3

n=1.377

Explanation:

PART A:

the volume of each state is obtained by multiplying the mass by the specific volume in each state

V=volume

v=especific volume

m=mass

V=mv

state 1

V1=m.v1

V1=4lb*1.25ft3/lb=5ft3

state 2

V2=m.v2

V2=4lb*0.5ft3/lb= 2ft3

PART B:

since the PV ^ n is constant we can equal the equations of state 1 and state 2

P1V1^n=P2V2^n

P1/P2=(V2/V1)^n

ln(P1/P2)=n . ln (V2/V1)

n=ln(P1/P2)/ ln (V2/V1)

n=ln(15/53)/ ln (2/5)

n=1.377

3 0

4 years ago

What is civil engineering​

What is civil engineering