<span>Living things are made of cells.Living things obtain and use energy.Living things grow and develop.Living things reproduce.Living things respond to their environment.<span>Living things adapt to their environment.</span></span>
Answer:
DNA restriction enzymes cut the DNA molecule, while DNA ligases join the resulting DNA fragments
Explanation:
Transformation is a naturally occurring process by which bacteria incorporate exogenous genetic material from their surrounding environment. This process (transformation) is used for DNA cloning via plasmid vectors. In DNA cloning, transformation occurs after restriction enzymes cut the DNA at specific sequences named palindromic sequences (i.e, sequences that can be read the same in opposite direction). Restriction enzymes can generate sticky-ends, where enzymes make staggered cuts in the two strands (e.g., <em>BamH</em>), or blunt ends, where the resulting strands are of the same length (e.g., <em>HaeIII</em>). In general, sticky-end enzymes are more useful because they generate a 3' overhang in one molecule and a complementary 5' overhang in the other, increasing the yield and specificity of ligation. During ligation, a DNA ligase is used to join both DNA strands by forming phosphodiester bonds in the plasmid. Following transformation, bacteria can be selected on antibiotic plates.
There are thought to be between 60,000 and 200,000 protist species, and many have yet to be identified. Protists live in almost any environment that contains liquid water. Many protists, such as the algae, are photosynthetic and are vital primary producers in ecosystems.
Answer:
Stimuli must be sensed in order to respond.
Explanation:
Classical conditioning can be defined as a learning process which typically involves repeatedly pairing two stimuli: conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus.
Simply stated, it is a learning procedure that helps us to understand when a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned response.
An example is the process of salivating in response to the aroma of a meal being prepared in the kitchen.
Also, operant conditioning can be defined as an associative learning process which involves reinforcing the strength of a behavior.
Stimulus in biology can be defined as an obvious change in either the chemical or physical structure of an organism' environment (either external or internal). Thus, all living organisms (both animals and plants) respond to changes in their environment and consequently, an appropriate response or reaction is made. Also, stimulus arising from within the organism is known as internal stimulus while those from its environment are known as the external stimulus.
In organisms, the specialized cells that detect stimulus are generally known as sensory receptors while a group of these receptors is referred to as sense organ.
Hence, the senses are necessary for behavior because stimuli must be sensed in order to respond.
