The negative reinforcement increases the frequency of the desired behavior and removes a stimulus and the aptitude and escaping conditions and removal to lower down the unwanted behavior and this effects may be measured as a high frequency of the behavior and refers to the technical sense and other examples are related to the child cleans their rooms etc.
This passage refers to the events of the Battle of Marathon due to while Persionas and Athenians where fighting in this town close to Athens, Phiedippides was sent to send a message to try to make Spartans join at the battle. The other three battles had the participation of the Spartans being a runner as Phiedippides not needed.
