Activation energy - is the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
Answer:
In order to survive.
Explanation:
A normally aquatic species adapt to the supralittoral fringe in order to survive in that environment. Supralittoral zone also referred to the area on coastlines and estuaries, that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water. This environment is different for the marine organisms that causes adverse effect on the marine organisms but these marine animals has the ability to adapt that environment by using certain mechanism in order to survive and easily reproduce in that environment.
Since the water concentration (also the water potential) is lower than the cell inside, the water will most likely flow from the cell out to the outside. This is because of osmosis, where the rule is water molecules will flow from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential, through a semi permeable membrane (cell membrane).
When the cell looses water, depending its whether a animal or plant cell, if it's an animal cell, it'll shrink. If it's an plant cell, since there is the presence of the cell wall, the cell membrane will detach from the cell wall, and this phenomenon is called plasmolysis.
Answer: The calvin cycle is a light-independent metabolic pathway occuring in the chloroplast.
