It has been challenging to develop methods for outer-membrane(OM) isolation from <em>Leptospira</em> species and other spirochetes due to their distinctive design and a lack of sensitive cytoplasmic membrane indicators.
Spirochetes have an OM and a cytoplasmic membrane, which are divided by a periplasmic space, just like enteric gram-negative bacteria.The leptospiral OM contains a significant amount of LPS, and the leptospiral surface is dominated by its polysaccharides.
LipL32, LipL36, and LipL41 are three lipoproteins from the leptospiral OM.
Since LipL32 is an immunodominant antigen during human leptospirosis, it is recognized to be the most prominent protein in the leptospiral protein profile. OmpL1 and LipL41 together offer synergistic immunoprotection. LipL41 is a surface-exposed lipoprotein.
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The correct answer for this question is Fomite transmission. Fomite transmission refers to the transmission of communicable diseases unto surfaces wherein individuals may be able to come in contact with the disease and be able to get infected with it, such as the common cold. When a person with a cold touches something or comes in contact with an individual he or she may infect the person who came in contact with her, either through touch or by things.
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Cells have many structures inside of them called organelles. These organelles are like the organs in a human and they help the cell stay alive. Each organelle has it's own specific function to help the cell survive. The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell directs the cell's activities and stores DNA.
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Answer:
those organisms that decompose the living organisms after death and change them into simpler substances are called decomposers. For example fungi, bacteria,etc. difference between herbivores and carnivore are
the animals that eat green plants are called herbivores but the animals that eat flesh of other animals are called carnivores.
examples of herbivores are cow,goat,etc but examples of carnivores are lion, tigers,etc.
