I think it's surface tension force
1. By Newton's second law,
<em>F</em> = <em>m</em> <em>a</em>
so the slope of the line would represent the mass of the object.
2. If all the forces are balanced, then the object is in equilibrium with zero net force, which in turn means the object is not accelerating. So the object is either motionless or moving at a constant speed.
Yes, even light rays can vary in wavelength and frequency, if the length of the ray is sorter, it becomes more energetic and has a higher frequency. If you're talking about a ray tracing diagram for lenses or mirrors, the length of the ray doesn't really matter unless you're finding the path length but there are some procedures for that too. Let me know if I missed what you were asking.
The force applied to the lever is 400 N, because the force applied by the lever (800 N) divided by the mechanical advantage of the lever (4) equals
400 N.
(800/4) = 200
To solve this problem we will apply the concepts related to centripetal acceleration, which will be the same - by balance - to the force of gravity on the body. To find this acceleration we must first find the orbital velocity through the Doppler formulas for the given periodic signals. In this way:

Here,
Orbital Velocity
Maximal Wavelength
Average Wavelength
c = Speed of light
Replacing with our values we have that,

<em>Note that the average signal is 3.000000m</em>

Now using the definition about centripetal acceleration we have,

Here,
v = Orbit Velocity
r = Radius of Orbit
Replacing with our values,



Applying Newton's equation for acceleration due to gravity,

Here,
G = Universal gravitational constant
M = Mass of the planet
r = Orbit
The acceleration due to gravity is the same as the previous centripetal acceleration by equilibrium, then rearranging to find the mass we have,



Therefore the mass of the planet is 