Top-down effects imply control through predation, including fishery, while
bottom-up effects imply control through food abundance, often thought to be driven by climate or nutrient load.
<h3>What is Top down regulation ?</h3>
The top-down effect refers to a higher trophic level influences the community structure of a lower trophic level through predation.
<h3>What is Bottom up regulation ?</h3>
The bottom-up effect means that a lower trophic level in the biological network affects the community structure of higher trophic levels by means of resource restriction
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8. Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, while veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body, back to the heart. Arteries are thick and muscular, while veins aren't as thick, and they have valves.
3:1.<span> The physical appearance of the </span>offspring<span> will be 3 </span>organisms<span> that look like the </span>parents<span>: 1 individual that differs in appearance.</span>
Answer:In the central nervous system, the supporting cells are collectively referred to as neuroglia.
Explanation:In the central nervous system, the supporting cells are collectively referred to as neuroglia.
