It would be Carbon Dioxide.
I’m pretty sure it’s D, the others don’t make sense??
"<span>The bacteria can cut the viral DNA at its specific restriction site but protect their own chromosomal DNA by modifying its bases and blocking the restriction enzyme" is the one explanation to the statement given in question. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the second option.</span>
i believe the answer is Abrasion and Impact. Hope this helps :-)