Evidence of an increased risk of lung cancer associated with cigarette smoking was sought by Doll and Hill. In one study, 649 lung cancer cases were matched by age, and gender to 649 controls; 647 of the cases and 622 of the control had a history of smoking cigarettes.a.Name the type of study. Case control studyb.Create the appropriate 2X2 table for the study. (2 points)Lung CancerControlsSmokers647622Nonsmokers227Total649649c.Calculate the appropriate measure of association for the study. (4 points)The odds ratio: Cases = 647 / 2 = 323.5The odds ratio: Control = 622 / 27 = 23.03The odds ratio = 23.03 / 323.5 = 14.04 d.Interpret the results. (2 points)Smokers are 14 times more likely to develop lung cancer than non-smokers.
