Mutations present permanent and heritable changes in the genome. We distinguish gene and chromosome mutations. Mutations in the level of genes are called point mutations because only one to several nucleotides are changed. These processes are known as deletion, insertion, and substitution. Deletion presents a loss of nucleotides which changes DNA sequence. When new nucleotides are embedded in the DNA chain, it is known as insertion. Substitution implies the process where new nucleotides are inserted while the ones that were present in that specific spot in a DNA molecule are deleted.
Mutations can also appear in chromosomes altering their number and structure. There are four types of mutations - deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation. In deletion, a whole or one part of a chromosome is lost. Duplication presents an extra copy of a whole or one part of a chromosome. In an inversion, parts of a chromosome change order, while in translocation a part of one chromosome detaches and then connects to another.
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Answer:
What is responsible for the increased stability of DNA compared to RNA? DNA is a more stable molecule than RNA because it lacks a hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon and is therefore more resistant to cleavage, and because the two sugar-phosphate backbones are held together by many hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Both organelles, the mitochondria and chloroplasts (in photosynthetic organisms), are compartments that are believed to be of endosymbiotic origin.A compartment is a separate space within a larger whole. In relationship to the endomembrane system and the nucleus.organelles that aren’t part of the endomembrane system, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.Cellular compartmentalization allows cells to optimize the efficiency of the processes that occur within organelles. But despite the advantages of compartmentalization, it’s not a universal feature of life. In fact, compartmentalization of cellular functions into membrane-bound organelles is limited to only one of life’s three major groups, or domains. That domain is the one that we belong to, the Eukarya. In addition to animals, eukarya includes plants, fungi, and other organisms with eukaryotic cells: cells that are relatively large, complex, and compartmentalized. And to see why that is, we need to look at how life has diverged over time.
Answer:
Inertia
Explanation:
This force ensures that objects remain in one course with less tendency to change direction when in motion or at rest. This force is the reason why you can let free the wheel of a car in motion and the car will more or less maintain course without toppling over. It is this same force that ensures that greater energy is required to launch the car from complete stall to motion.