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PSYCHO15rus [73]

4 years ago

15

Two hemispherical shells of inner diameter 1m are joined together with 12 equally spaced bolts. If the interior pressure is rais

ed to 300kPa above atmospheric pressure, determine the tensile force in each bolt.

1 answer:

aliina [53]4 years ago

6 0

Answer:

F = 2,355 10⁵ N

Explanation:

The pressure is distributed throughout the sphere with the same value and is defined by

P = F / A

F = P A

Therefore, on each bolt there is an internal force and external force

∑ F = F_int - F_ext

∑ F = P_int A - P_atm A

F = A (P_int - P_atm)

P_int = 300 10³ + P_atm

F = A 300 10³

The area of the sphere layer is

A = π r² = π/ 4 d²

A = π / 4 1²

A = 0.785 m2

F = 0.785 (300 10³)

F = 2,355 10⁵ N

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Answer:

No, the claim is not reasonable for 20 W electric power consumption.

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Explanation:

Power = (1/2)*mass flow rate*(square of velocity)

mass flow rate = 1 kg/s

velocity = 8 m/s

square of velocity = 64 m^2 / s^2

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Power = 32 W

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3 years ago

A hot air balloon is used as an air-vehicle to carry passengers. It is assumed that this balloon is sealed and has a spherical s

monitta

Answer:

a. $\dfrac{D_{1}}{ D_{2}} = \left (\dfrac{ \left{D_1} }{ {D_2}} \right )^{-3\times n}$ which is constant therefore, n = constant

b. The temperature at the end of the process is 109.6°C

c. The work done by the balloon boundaries = 10.81 MJ

The work done on the surrounding atmospheric air = 10.6 MJ

Explanation:

p₁ = 100 kPa

T₁ = 27°C

D₁ = 10 m

v₂ = 1.2 × v₁

p ∝ α·D

α = Constant

$v_1 = \dfrac{4}{3} \times \pi \times r^3$

$\therefore v_1 = \dfrac{4}{3} \times \pi \times \left (\dfrac{10}{2} \right )^3 = 523.6 \ m^3$

v₂ = 1.2 × v₁ = 1.2 × 523.6 = 628.32 m³

Therefore, D₂ = 10.63 m

We check the following relation for a polytropic process;

$\dfrac{p_{1}}{p_{2}} = \left (\dfrac{V_{2}}{V_{1}} \right )^{n} = \left (\dfrac{T_{1}}{T_{2}} \right )^{\dfrac{n}{n-1}}$

We have;

$\dfrac{\alpha \times D_{1}}{\alpha \times D_{2}} = \left (\dfrac{ \dfrac{4}{3} \times \pi \times \left (\dfrac{D_2}{2} \right )^3}{\dfrac{4}{3} \times \pi \times \left (\dfrac{D_1}{2} \right )^3} \right )^{n} = \left (\dfrac{ \left{D_2} ^3}{ {D_1}^3} \right )^{n}$

$\dfrac{D_{1}}{ D_{2}} = \left (\dfrac{ \left{D_2} }{ {D_1}} \right )^{3\times n} = \left (\dfrac{ \left{D_1} }{ {D_2}} \right )^{-3\times n}$

$\dfrac{ D_{1}}{ D_{2}} = \left ( 1.2 \right )^{n} = \left (\dfrac{ \left{D_2} ^3}{ {D_1}^3} \right )^{n}$

$log \left (\dfrac{D_{1}}{ D_{2}}\right ) = -3\times n \times log\left (\dfrac{ \left{D_1} }{ {D_2}} \right )$

n = -1/3

Therefore, the relation, pVⁿ = Constant

b. The temperature T₂ is found as follows;

$\left (\dfrac{628.32 }{523.6} \right )^{-\dfrac{1}{3} } = \left (\dfrac{300.15}{T_{2}} \right )^{\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{3}}{-\dfrac{1}{3}-1}} = \left (\dfrac{300.15}{T_{2}} \right )^{\dfrac{1}{4}}$

T₂ = 300.15/0.784 = 382.75 K = 109.6°C

c. $W_{pdv} = \dfrac{p_1 \times v_1 -p_2 \times v_2 }{n-1}$

$p_2 = \dfrac{p_{1}}{ \left (\dfrac{V_{2}}{V_{1}} \right )^{n} } = \dfrac{100\times 10^3}{ \left (1.2) \right ^{-\dfrac{1}{3} } }$

p₂ = 100000/0.941 = 106.265 kPa

$W_{pdv} = \dfrac{100 \times 10^3 \times 523.6 -106.265 \times 10^3 \times 628.32 }{-\dfrac{1}{3} -1} = 10806697.1433 \ J$

The work done by the balloon boundaries = 10.81 MJ

Work done against atmospheric pressure, Pₐ, is given by the relation;

Pₐ × (V₂ - V₁) = 1.01×10⁵×(628.32 - 523.6) = 10576695.3 J

The work done on the surrounding atmospheric air = 10.6 MJ

4 0

3 years ago

Suppose that you can throw a projectile at a large enough v0 so that it can hit a target a distance R downrange. Given that you

viktelen [127]

Answer:

$\theta_1=15^o\\\theta_2=75^o$

Explanation:

<u>Projectile Motion</u>

In projectile motion, there are two separate components of the acceleration, velocity and displacement. The horizontal component has zero acceleration (assuming no friction), and the acceleration in the vertical direction is always the acceleration of gravity. The basic formulas are shown below:

$V_x=V_{ox}=V_ocos\theta$

Where $\theta$ is the angle of launch respect to the positive horizontal direction and Vo is the initial speed.

$V_y=V_{oy}-gt=V_osin\theta-gt$

The horizontal and vertical distances are, respectively:

$x=V_{o}cos\theta t$

$\displaystyle y=y_o+V_{o}sin\theta t-\frac{gt^2}{2}$

The total flight time can be found as that when y = 0, i.e. when the object comes back to ground (or launch) level. From the above equation we find

$\displaystyle t_f=\frac{2V_osin\theta}{g}$

Using this time in the horizontal distance, we find the Range or maximum horizontal distance:

$\displaystyle R=\frac{V_o^2sin2\theta}{g}$

Let's solve for $\theta$

$\displaystyle sin2\theta=\frac{R.g}{V_o^2}$

This is the general expression to determine the angles at which the projectile can be launched to hit the target. Recall the angle can have to values for fixed positive values of its sine:

$\displaystyle \theta_1=\frac{asin\left(\frac{R.g}{V_o^2}\right)}{2}$

$\displaystyle \theta_2=\frac{180^o-asin\left(\frac{R.g}{V_o^2}\right)}{2}$

Or equivalently:

$\theta_2=90^o-\theta_1$

Given Vo=37 m/s and R=70 m

$\displaystyle \theta_1=\frac{asin\left(\frac{70\times 9.8}{37^2}\right)}{2}$

$\theta_1=15^o$

And

$\theta_2=90^o-15^o=75^o$

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3 years ago

What scale model proves the initial concept?

Tju [1.3M]

Answer: A prototype

Explanation:

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3 years ago