The efficiency of a steam power plant can beincreased by bleeding off some of the steam thatwould normally enter the turbine and
1 answer:
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Answer:
the graph and the answer can be found in the explanation section
Explanation:
Given:
Network rated voltage = 24 kV
Impedance of network = 0.07 + j0.5 Ω/mi, 8 mi
Rn = 0.07 * 8 = 0.56 Ω
Xn = 0.5 * 8 = 4 Ω
If the alternator terminal voltage is equal to network rated voltage will have
Vt = 24 kV/√3 = 13.85 kV/phase
The alternative current is
The impedance Zn is
The voltage drop is
rac = 1.2rdc = 1.2 * 7.476 = 8.97 Ω
The effective armature resistance is
The induced voltage for leading power factor is
if cosθ = 0.5
if cosθ= 0.6
EF = 12790.8 V
if cosθ = 0.7
EF = 13731.05 V
if cosθ = 0.8
EF = 14741.6 V
if cosθ = 0.9
EF = 15809.02 V
if cosθ = 1
EF = 13975.6 V
The voltage regulation is
For each value:
if cosθ = 0.5
voltage regulation = -13.8%
if cosθ = 0.6
voltage regulation = -7.6%
if cosθ = 0.7
voltage regulation = -0.85%
if cosθ = 0.8
voltage regulation = 6.4%
if cosθ = 0.9
voltage regulation = 14%
if cosθ = 1
voltage regulation = 0.9%
the graph is shown in the attached image
for 10% of regulation the power factor is 0.81
Answer:
110 m or 11,000 cm
Explanation:
- let mass flow rate for cold and hot fluid = M<em>c</em> and M<em>h</em> respectively
- let specific heat for cold and hot fluid = C<em>pc</em> and C<em>ph </em>respectively
- let heat capacity rate for cold and hot fluid = C<em>c</em> and C<em>h </em>respectively
M<em>c</em> = 1.2 kg/s and M<em>h = </em>2 kg/s
C<em>pc</em> = 4.18 kj/kg °c and C<em>ph</em> = 4.31 kj/kg °c
<u>Using effectiveness-NUT method</u>
- <em>First, we need to determine heat capacity rate for cold and hot fluid, and determine the dimensionless heat capacity rate</em>
C<em>c</em> = M<em>c</em> × C<em>pc</em> = 1.2 kg/s × 4.18 kj/kg °c = 5.016 kW/°c
C<em>h = </em>M<em>h</em> × C<em>ph </em>= 2 kg/s × 4.31 kj/kg °c = 8.62 kW/°c
From the result above cold fluid heat capacity rate is smaller
Dimensionless heat capacity rate, C = minimum capacity/maximum capacity
C= C<em>min</em>/C<em>max</em>
C = 5.016/8.62 = 0.582
.<em>2 Second, we determine the maximum heat transfer rate, Qmax</em>
Q<em>max</em> = C<em>min </em>(Inlet Temp. of hot fluid - Inlet Temp. of cold fluid)
Q<em>max</em> = (5.016 kW/°c)(160 - 20) °c
Q<em>max</em> = (5.016 kW/°c)(140) °c = 702.24 kW
.<em>3 Third, we determine the actual heat transfer rate, Q</em>
Q = C<em>min (</em>outlet Temp. of cold fluid - inlet Temp. of cold fluid)
Q = (5.016 kW/°c)(80 - 20) °c
Q<em>max</em> = (5.016 kW/°c)(60) °c = 303.66 kW
.<em>4 Fourth, we determine Effectiveness of the heat exchanger, </em>ε
ε<em> </em>= Q/Qmax
ε <em>= </em>303.66 kW/702.24 kW
ε = 0.432
.<em>5 Fifth, using appropriate effective relation for double pipe counter flow to determine NTU for the heat exchanger</em>
NTU =
NTU =
NTU = 0.661
<em>.6 sixth, we determine Heat Exchanger surface area, As</em>
From the question, the overall heat transfer coefficient U = 640 W/m²
As =
As =
As = 5.18 m²
<em>.7 Finally, we determine the length of the heat exchanger, L</em>
L =
L =
L= 109.91 m
L ≅ 110 m = 11,000 cm