Answer:
For the given conditions the fundamental frequency is 3728.26 Hertz
Explanation:
We know that for a pipe open at one end and closed at other end the fundamental frequency is given by

where
f is the fundamental frequency
is the speed of sound in air in the surrounding conditions.
L = Length of the pipe
Applying values we get and using speed of sound as 343m/s we get

Answer:
(1) A hot drink cooling to room temperature.
(2) The combustion of natural gas.
Explanation:
The spontaneous process is the process in which there is a release of energy and moves towards lower energy and a more thermodynamically stable energy state. All the natural processes are spontaneous.
There are two processes which are spontaneous in the given question are:
(1) A hot drink cooling to room temperature: In this, there is a decrease in energy and also it is a natural process and we know that all the natural processes are spontaneous.
(2) The combustion of natural gas: The fire is an example of an exothermic reaction. The combustion is a combination of a decrease in energy and an increase in entropy. So, this process occurs spontaneously.
Answer:
In an ideal pulley system is assumed as a perfect system, and the efficiency of the pulley system is taken as 100% such that there are no losses of the energy input to the system through the system's component
However, in a real pulley system, there are several means through which energy is lost from the system through friction, which is converted into heat, sound, as well as other forms of energy
Given that the mechanical advantage = Force output/(Force input), and that the input force is known, the energy loss comes from the output force which is then reduced, and therefore, the Actual Mechanical Advantage (AMA) is less than the Ideal Mechanical Advantage of an "ideal" pulley system
The relationship between the actual and ideal mechanical advantage is given by the efficiency of the pulley system as follows;

Explanation: