<h2>Membrane potential </h2>
Explanation:
- Membrane potential represents charge difference across the membrane, all biological cells are negative inside (cytoplasm) and positive outside (due to difference in ionic distribution)
- In a typical neuron cell membrane potential of cytoplasm is negative at rest (when no stimulus is applied) hence called resting membrane potential
- Resting membrane potential of excitable cells is established by Na+ and K+pump
- Repolarization starts with the efflux of K+ by the opening of voltage gated K+ channels
- Voltage gated K+ channels starts to open when voltage gated Na+ channels becomes inactive
- Hyperpolarization occurs due to excessive efflux of K+ by voltage gated K+ channels
- Additional efflux of K+ occurs due to slow inactivation of voltage gated K+ channels
Answer:
Interspecific competition
Explanation:
So what roles do society, politics, and economics play in science?Economics determines how much money is available to fund scientific research. Certain federal grants come directly out of the national economy, which determines if certain research projects can continue or are cut off.Politics affect science by passing some bills that directly affects science, congressmen can determine whether those funds from the economy will be used for research or not. Just a side note: wealthy lobbyists control alot of what politicians do, by donating millions into their election campaigns. Society affects science by our citizens democratically electing those politicians that we think will or will not endorse scientific research projects. For example, embryonic stem cell research has been under fire by conservatives for taking future babies' cells to study. Liberals, however, tend to be in favor of change and new advances scientifically
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if you need it shorter "Society, made up of the country's citizens, can influence science by electing politicians (president and congressmen); the politicians can then affect the economic funding of scientific research, either by increasing or decreasing government grants to scientific projects."
Explanation:
The last one is the answer
hope it's correct
