Answer: (Structure attached).
Explanation:
This type of reaction is an aromatic electrophilic substitution. The overall reaction is the replacement of a proton (H +) with an electrophile (E +) in the aromatic ring.
The aromatic ring in p-fluoroanisole has two sustituents, an <u>halogen</u> and a <u>methoxy group</u>, which are <em>ortho-para</em> directing substituents.
Aryl sulfonic acids are easily synthesized by an electrophilic substitution reaction aromatic using <u>sulfur trioxide as an electrophile</u> (very reactive).
The reaction occurs in three steps:
- The attack on the electrophile forms the sigma complex.
- The loss of a proton regenerates an aromatic ring.
- The sulfonate group can be protonated in the presence of a strong acid (H₂SO₄).
Normally, a mixture of <em>ortho-para</em> substituted products would be obtained. However, since both <em>para</em> positions are occupied, only the <em>ortho </em>substituted product is obtained here.
<span>One mole of a substance contains Avogadro's number of atoms/molecules/the like. This would mean that all of the items described would have approximately 6.022 * 10^23 atoms, even though their masses would differ. This would be due to the molar mass of each substance being different because of the constituent elements in the substance.</span>
Answer:
At the equivalence point, equal amounts of H+ and OH– ions will combine to form H2O, resulting in a pH of 7.0 (neutral). The pH at the equivalence point for this titration will always be 7.0, note that this is true only for titrations of strong acid with strong base.
Explanation:
Carbonic anhydrase speeds up<span> the transfer of carbon dioxide from cells to the blood.
Hope this work cuz</span>
Answer: Gases are complicated. They're full of billions and billions of energetic gas molecules that can collide and possibly interact with each other. Since it's hard to exactly describe a real gas, people created the concept of an Ideal gas as an approximation that helps us model and predict the behavior of real gases. The term ideal gas refers to a hypothetical gas composed of molecules which follow a few rules:
Ideal gas molecules do not attract or repel each other. The only interaction between ideal gas molecules would be an elastic collision upon impact with each other or an elastic collision with the walls of the container. [What is an elastic collision?]
Ideal gas molecules themselves take up no volume. The gas takes up volume since the molecules expand into a large region of space, but the Ideal gas molecules are approximated as point particles that have no volume in and of themselves.
If this sounds too ideal to be true, you're right. There are no gases that are exactly ideal, but there are plenty of gases that are close enough that the concept of an ideal gas is an extremely useful approximation for many situations. In fact, for temperatures near room temperature and pressures near atmospheric pressure, many of the gases we care about are very nearly ideal.
If the pressure of the gas is too large (e.g. hundreds of times larger than atmospheric pressure), or the temperature is too low (e.g.
−
200
C
−200 Cminus, 200, start text, space, C, end text) there can be significant deviations from the ideal gas law.
Explanation:
